Geography: Paper 2 - the challenge of resource management

how is water significant to the economic wellbeing

• provides an industry for jobs

• most industries use it

how much water is used for the economy

75% of all water

how is water significant for social wellbeing

personal hyeine

how is energy significant to economic well being

• entire world uses energy

• without it the economy would halt

how is energy significant to social wellbeing

• society runs of energy to communicate

• society relies on energy for light in homes

how is food significant to economic well being

• some of the largest industries in the world are food

• provides jobs for people

how is food significant on social wellbeing

food is needed to survive

demand for high value food from LIC’S - opportunity

• diversifies food in the country that buys it

• boosts the economy for the LIC

demand for high value food from LIC’S - challenge

• changes climate due to CO2

• to much demand - cant grow it in time

demand for all food all year round - opportunity

• LIC’s have a source of income all year round

demand for all food all year round - challenge

• difficult to grow them all year round

• english farmers won’t be needed

• transport

organic food - opportunity

• environmentally friendly

• more profit

organic food - challenge

• harder to grow

• more expensive

food miles - opportunity

• jobs are created within transport

food miles - challenge

• carbon dioxide emissions

• climate change

food miles facts and figures

• food travels over 30billion KM a year

• 19 millions tonnes of CO2 are emitted

• 2 millions tonnes of CO2 from cars travelling to shops

locally sourced food - opportunity

• reduces food miles

locally sourced food - challenge

• not all foods are grown locally

what is agribusiness

the application of business skills to the productions of food - agriculture

agribusiness - positives

• higher profit

• less food miles

• cheaper

agribusiness - negatives

• profit is limited because only 1 animal or crop is grown

• not environmentally friendly

how much water is used in homes/domestic

22%

how much water is used in agrculture

3%

what factors have changed the demands for water

• increasing population

• advanced technology - dishwasher

• the economy has increased - people have more money - water is used to grow grass

how many litres of water does the UK use in a day

14 billion

what deficit/ stress

the demand for water is higher than the amount of water availiable

water surplus

the supply of water is higher than the demand

water quality

the measure of chemical, physical and biological content of the water

give an area of water surplus

south west england

give an area of water deficit

south east england

what is the impact of water pollution

• water cant be used

• kills animals

• money is needed to purify it

what is a strategy to fix water pollution

• government laws

• new infrastructure

what are the government laws

it limits the amunt of waste that farms and factories can put into rivers - limiting the pollution

what is the new infrastructure going to do

better pipes and sewers will reduce the leaks of waste into clean water

how much has out demand for energy increased since 1970

600%

give examples of renewable energy

• wind

• solar

• HEP

• wave

give examples of nonrenewable energy

• coal

• oil

• gas

• nuclear

how has energy changed since 1990 - 2022

• solar wind have increased after 2010

• coal has gone fro the largest to smallest

• nuclear has decreased ever so slightly b/c of safety

how much of the total energy is wind

35%

fossil fuels - positives

• cheap sources of energy

• easy to store and burn

fossil fuels - negatives

• extraction costs are very expensive

• CO2 emissions are very high

alternative energy - positives

• cheaper over time

• low CO2 emissions

alternative energy - negatives

• expensive to set up

• natural landscapes are spoilt

global energy consumptions

• highest = north america, HIC’s

global energy productions

• highest = HIC’s

• lowest = LICS’s

why is energy consumption increasing

• economic development

• increasing population

• advanced technology

what physical factors effect energy supply

• climate - rain, wind, sun

• geology - access to fossil fuels in rocks

what cost of exploitation factors effect energy supply

• higher costs = less rates

• coal is cheapest so we get the most

what technological factors effect energy supply

• new technology = different sources of energy can be mined

• technology production = tech is more efficient and is cheaper

what political factors effect energy supply

• war = russia had reduced its gas supply

• alliances = UAE is exploited for its oil

what is energy insecurity

when a country has an energy deficit

what are the impacts of energy insecurity

• exploitation of difficult areas

• exploitation of environmentally sensitive areas

• economic costs

• environmental costs

• food production impact

• conflict

• industrial impact

what is exploitation of difficult areas

mining oil reserves in the north sea - had to install 600m-800m posts

what is exploration of sensitive areas

windfarms in the lake district caused controversy because its an eye sore

what is economic costs

energy prices of things like gas from russia has drastically increased

what are environmental costs

oil spills in the north sea

what are food production impacts

• habitats are lost because farms are needed to grow food

• more CO2 emissions because machines are needed for harvesting

industrial output impact

during 1970-1980 industrial output decreased because energy could be foudn elsewhere

what is conflict potential

people go to wars over resources e.g. gulf wars in iraq

geothermal

• A - renewable

• D - only available in tectonically active places

Wave

• A - renewable

• D - doesn’t create large amounts of energy

Tidal

• A - renewable

• D - cause problems in the natural environment

Coal extraction advantages

• at least 1000billion tonnes of coal avaliable

• reliable

• low costs

• easy to store

coal extraction disadvantages

• destructive to the environment

• large amounts of CO2 released

• non renewable

• creates toxic waste

what is sustainability

using resources responsibly so they can meet the needs of the present and future generations

how can we be sustainable

• reduce the reliance of fossil fuels

• more use of renewable energy

• energy efficiency improved

how can we reduce out carbon footprint - individually

• recycle

• LED bulbs

• walking/cycling

how can we reduce out carbon footprint - in homes

• LED bulb

• roof insulation

• solar pannels

• Double/triple glazing

how can we reduce out carbon footprint - workplaces

• automatic light switches

• recycling tubs

how can we reduce out carbon footprint - transport

• hybrid/electric cars

• public transport

what is micro hydro

• small hydro electric schemes

• ran by locals

• sustainable

how does micro hydro work

• water is help in a basin

• runs into a forebay tank

• runs through a turbine

how is microhydro sustainable

• improves energy security

• low costs

• renewable

• need for diesal is removed

• energy = more consistant

• promotes local involvement

• reduces deforestation