CHEM 107 Ch 2 (keep adding)

Elements that occur as molecutes (10)

H₂

^N₂

P₄

O₂

S₈

Se₈

F₂

Cl₂

Br₂

I₂

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

Cation name is the same

Anion (nonmetal) : root + -ide

Metals that form more than one monatomic ion (7 metals, 14 cations)

Chromium

• Cr²⁺

• Cr³⁺

Cobalt

• Co²⁺

• Co³⁺

Copper

• Cu⁺

• Cu²⁺

Iron

• Fe²⁺

• Fe³⁺

Lead

• Pb²⁺

• Pb⁴⁺

Mercury

• Hg₂²⁺

• Hg²⁺

Tin

• Sn²⁺

• Sn⁴⁺

Polyatomic ions: Mercury (I)

Hg₂²⁺

Polyatomic ions: Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Polyatomic ions: Cyanide

CN^-

Polyatomic ions: Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Polyatomic ions: Hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate

HCO₃^-

Polyatomic ions: Acetate

C₂H₃O₂^-

Polyatomic ions: Oxalate

C₂O₄^-

Polyatomic ions: Hypochlorite

ClO^-

Polyatomic ions: Chlorite

ClO₂^-

Polyatomic ions: Chlorate

ClO₃^-

Polyatomic ions: Perchlorate

ClO₄^-

Polyatomic ions: Chromate

CrO₄^2-

Polyatomic ions: Dichromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

Polyatomic ions: Permanganate

MnO₄^-

Nitrite

NO₂^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Peroxide

O₂^2-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Monohydrogen phosphate

HPO₄^2-

Dihydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄^-

Sulfite

SO₃^2-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

Hydrogen sulfite / Bisulfite

HSO₃^-

Hydrogen sulfate / Bisulfate

HSO₄^-

Thiosulfate

S₂O₃^2-

Naming Binary Acids

Hydrogen combines with an anion that has an -ide suffix

hydro + root of anion + ic acid

Naming Oxoacids

-ate in the anion becomes -ic in the acid

-ite in the anion becomes -ous in the acid

Naming Binary covalent compounds

• formed by combination of two nonmetals

• First element in the formula keeps its name + second elements root + -ide

• Include actual number of atoms

ex. N₂F₄

H₂O

water

NH₃

Ammonium

NO

Nitric oxide

N₂O

Nitrous oxide

N₂H₄

Hydrazine/diazine

PH₃

Phosphine/phosphane

SiH₄

silane

Hydrocarbons

compunds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Alkanes

The simplest type of Hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbons: CH₄

Methane

Hydrocarbons: C₂H₆

Ethane

Hydrocarbons: C₃H₈

Propane

Hydrocarbons: C₄H₁₀

Butane

Isotopes

atoms of an element with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

Atomic mass formula

Sum of : (isotopic mass)(fractional abundance of isotope)

Covalent bonds

form when elements sgare electrons, usually occurs b/w nonmetals

Molecule

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