Urethra

What is the path of the urethra?

From the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral orifice.

How long is the male urethra?

About 8 inches long.

What are the two main layers of the male urethra?

Mucosa and muscularis.

What are the types of mucosal epithelium in the male urethra?

Transitional epithelium, stratified columnar/pseudostratified columnar, and non-keratinized stratified squamous.

What are the three sections of the male urethra?

Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra.

What other structures are associated with the male urethra?

The prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands).

How long is the female urethra?

About 1.5 inches long.

What are the two layers of the female urethra?

Mucosa and muscularis.

What are the types of mucosal epithelium in the female urethra?

Transitional epithelium, stratified columnar/pseudostratified columnar, and non-keratinized stratified squamous.

Where is the external urethral orifice located in females?

Between the clitoris and the vaginal canal.

What is the flow of filtrate/urine through the nephron to the external urethral orifice?

Afferent arteriole → Glomerulus → Capsular space → Proximal convoluted tubule → Nephron loop (descending limb) → Nephron loop (ascending limb) → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting duct → Papillary duct → Minor calyx → Major calyx → Renal pelvis → Ureter → Urinary bladder → Urethra (male: prostatic, membranous, spongy) → External urethral orifice.