AP German Language and Culture Vocabulary

Abitur

German university entrance examination — the final qualifying exam taken at the end of the Gymnasium (academic high school), equivalent to A-levels; required for university admission

Example: "Ohne          ist ein Hochschulstudium in Deutschland schwierig." (Without the Abitur, university study in Germany is difficult.)

Adjektivdeklination

adjective declension — the system by which German adjectives change their endings based on case, gender, and number

Example: "Ich kaufe einen          Wagen." (I am buying a new car — demonstrating adjective ending after indefinite article.)

Adoption

adoption — the legal process by which a person takes on the parental rights and responsibilities for a child who is not their biological offspring

Example: "Sie haben ein Kind aus Vietnam         ." (They adopted a child from Vietnam.)

Akkusativ

accusative case — the grammatical case used for the direct object of a verb and after certain prepositions (durch, für, gegen, ohne, um)

Example: "Ich sehe          Mann." (I see the man — den = accusative masculine.)

Algorithmus

algorithm — a step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a problem or making decisions, especially in computing

Example: "Soziale Medien nutzen         en, um Inhalte auszuwählen, die Nutzer sehen." (Social media use algorithms to select content that users see.)

Alleinerziehende

single parents — a parent raising children without a partner

Example: "Viele          brauchen staatliche Unterstützung." (Many single parents need government support.)

allerdings

however / admittedly / though — a modal adverb expressing a concession or reservation; softer than 'aber'

Similar definitions: jedoch, aber, freilich

Example: "Das Projekt war erfolgreich;          gab es einige Probleme." (The project was successful; however, there were some problems.)

Alltagskultur

everyday culture — the cultural practices, habits, and customs of daily life, including food, leisure, and social interaction

Example: "Die          in Deutschland spiegelt sich in Bräuchen wie dem Feierabend und dem Sonntagsspaziergang wider." (Everyday culture in Germany is reflected in customs like Feierabend and the Sunday walk.)

als (Konjunktion)

when / as / than — a multifunctional conjunction: (1) for single past events (als ich jung war), (2) in comparisons (größer als), (3) with certain verbs (gelten als)

Example: "         er ankam, begann das Konzert." (When he arrived, the concert began.)

also

so / therefore / thus — a connective adverb expressing logical consequence or conclusion; also used as a conversational filler

Similar definitions: folglich, daher, somit

Example: "Er hat nicht trainiert;          verlor er das Rennen." (He hadn't trained; so he lost the race.)

Antisemitismus

antisemitism — hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jewish people; a central issue in Germany's Vergangenheitsbewältigung

Example: "Die Bekämpfung von          ist eine staatliche Pflicht in Deutschland." (Combating antisemitism is a state obligation in Germany.)

Arbeit

work / labor — physical or mental effort directed toward producing or accomplishing something; employment

Similar definitions: Beschäftigung, Tätigkeit

Example: "         macht das Leben süß." (Work makes life sweet — German proverb.)

Arbeitnehmerrechte

labor rights / workers' rights — the rights of employees in the workplace, including fair wages, safe conditions, and the right to organize

Example: "Gewerkschaften kämpfen für         ." (Trade unions fight for workers' rights.)

Arbeitslosigkeit

unemployment — the condition of being without a paid job while actively seeking work

Similar definitions: Erwerbslosigkeit

Example: "Die          ist in Deutschland auf einem historischen Tiefstand." (Unemployment in Germany is at a historic low.)

Arbeitsmarkt

labor market — the market in which employers find employees and workers find jobs

Example: "Der          in Deutschland ist sehr wettbewerbsfähig." (The labor market in Germany is very competitive.)

Arbeitsmarktreformen

labor market reforms — policy changes to improve the functioning of the job market, such as Germany's Hartz reforms in the early 2000s

Example: "Die          veränderten die deutsche Wirtschaft grundlegend." (The labor market reforms fundamentally changed the German economy.)

Arbeitswelt

working world / the world of work — the totality of employment conditions, professions, and labor culture in a society

Example: "Die Digitalisierung verändert die          stark." (Digitalization is greatly changing the working world.)

Arbeitszeit

working hours — the number of hours worked per day or week; Germany has an average legal maximum of 8 hours per day

Example: "Die wöchentliche          in Deutschland beträgt durchschnittlich 35–40 Stunden." (The weekly working hours in Germany average 35–40 hours.)

Architektur

architecture — the art and science of designing and constructing buildings; Germany has influential traditions from Gothic cathedrals to Bauhaus modernism

Example: "Die          des Kölner Doms ist ein Meisterwerk der Gotik." (The architecture of Cologne Cathedral is a masterpiece of Gothic style.)

Armut

poverty — the state of lacking sufficient income or resources to meet basic needs

Similar definitions: Bedürftigkeit, Not

Example: "         betrifft viele Familien in Deutschland." (Poverty affects many families in Germany.)

Armutsgefährdung

risk of poverty — the statistical measure indicating how many people live below the poverty threshold (typically 60% of median income)

Example: "Die          betrifft besonders Kinder und Alleinerziehende in Deutschland." (The risk of poverty particularly affects children and single parents in Germany.)

Artificial Intelligence (KI)

artificial intelligence — the simulation of human intelligence processes by computer systems, including learning, reasoning, and problem-solving

Similar definitions: künstliche Intelligenz

Example: "         verändert Medizin, Verkehr und Bildung grundlegend." (Artificial intelligence is fundamentally changing medicine, transportation, and education.)

Artikel

article — the grammatical word placed before a noun indicating definiteness (der/die/das = definite) or indefiniteness (ein/eine = indefinite) and declining by case, gender, and number

Example: "         muss je nach Fall, Genus und Numerus dekliniert werden." (The article must be declined according to case, gender, and number.)

Asylbewerber

asylum seeker — a person who has applied for asylum and is waiting for a decision on their refugee status

Example: "         müssen oft lange auf ihren Bescheid warten." (Asylum seekers often have to wait a long time for their decision.)

Asylrecht

right to asylum — the legal right to seek protection in a foreign country from persecution; enshrined in Germany's Basic Law

Example: "Das          ist im Grundgesetz verankert." (The right to asylum is anchored in the Basic Law.)

Atomausstieg

nuclear phase-out — Germany's policy decision to decommission all nuclear power plants, completed in April 2023

Example: "Der          war eine der wichtigsten energiepolitischen Entscheidungen Deutschlands." (The nuclear phase-out was one of Germany's most important energy policy decisions.)

aufgrund (+ Genitiv)

because of / due to — a prepositional phrase indicating cause or reason, followed by genitive case

Example: "         des schlechten Wetters blieben wir zu Hause." (Because of the bad weather, we stayed home.)

Ausbildung

vocational training / apprenticeship — practical, job-specific training combining on-the-job experience with classroom instruction; a cornerstone of the German dual system

Similar definitions: Berufsausbildung, Lehre

Example: "Er macht eine          als Elektriker." (He is doing an apprenticeship as an electrician.)

Auswanderung

emigration — the act of leaving one's own country to settle in another

Similar definitions: Abwanderung

Example: "Im 19. Jahrhundert führte wirtschaftliche Not zur          vieler Deutschen nach Amerika." (In the 19th century, economic hardship led to the emigration of many Germans to America.)

außerdem

furthermore / in addition / besides — a connective adverb adding another point to an argument

Similar definitions: zudem, darüber hinaus, überdies

Example: "Er ist intelligent;          ist er sehr fleißig." (He is intelligent; furthermore, he is very hardworking.)

Bauhaus

the Bauhaus school — an influential German art and design school (1919–1933) that combined fine arts with crafts and functional design; foundational to modern architecture and design

Example: "Das          revolutionierte die moderne Architektur und das Design." (The Bauhaus revolutionized modern architecture and design.)

beeinflussen

to influence — to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something

Similar definitions: prägen, wirken auf

Example: "Soziale Medien          das Selbstbild junger Menschen stark." (Social media strongly influence young people's self-image.)

begründen

to justify / to give reasons for — to provide a rationale or explanation in support of a claim

Similar definitions: rechtfertigen, erklären

Example: "Er          seine Entscheidung mit wirtschaftlichen Argumenten." (He justifies his decision with economic arguments.)

beispielsweise

for example — a formal adverb introducing an example or illustration of a point

Similar definitions: zum Beispiel, etwa, wie etwa

Example: "Viele Länder,          Deutschland und Schweden, haben hohe Sozialstandards." (Many countries, for example Germany and Sweden, have high social standards.)

Berlinale

Berlin International Film Festival — one of the world's most prestigious film festivals, held annually in Berlin; winner receives the Golden Bear (Goldener Bär)

Example: "Die          zieht jedes Jahr Filmemacher aus der ganzen Welt an." (The Berlinale attracts filmmakers from all over the world every year.)

Berliner Mauer

Berlin Wall — the barrier separating East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989; its fall on November 9, 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War and German reunification

Example: "Der Fall der          am 9. November 1989 war ein historischer Wendepunkt." (The fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989 was a historic turning point.)

Bertolt Brecht

Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956) — one of Germany's most important playwrights and theatrical theorists, known for epic theater and the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect)

Example: "         schrieb die Dreigroschenoper und Mutter Courage." (Bertolt Brecht wrote The Threepenny Opera and Mother Courage.)

Beruf

profession / occupation / career — the vocation or trade a person pursues as their livelihood

Similar definitions: Berufsfeld, Tätigkeit, Job

Example: "Welchen          möchtest du nach dem Abitur ergreifen?" (What career do you want to pursue after your Abitur?)

Berufsbild

job profile / occupational image — the official description of skills, duties, and qualifications associated with a particular profession in Germany

Example: "Das          des Pflegers hat sich in den letzten Jahren gewandelt." (The job profile of a nurse has changed in recent years.)

Berufserfahrung

professional experience — work experience gained through employment in a field

Example: "         ist oft wichtiger als ein Universitätsabschluss." (Professional experience is often more important than a university degree.)

Berufsschule

vocational school — the part-time school component of Germany's dual apprenticeship system, providing theoretical instruction alongside workplace training

Example: "Azubis gehen zwei Tage pro Woche in die         ." (Apprentices go to vocational school two days a week.)

Bewerbung

job application — the formal process of applying for a position, including a cover letter (Anschreiben) and resume (Lebenslauf)

Example: "Sie schickte ihre          an mehrere Unternehmen." (She sent her job application to several companies.)

Biedermeier

Biedermeier style (1815–1848) — a Central European cultural movement emphasizing domesticity, simplicity, and everyday life; significant in German literature, art, and furniture design

Example: "Der         -Stil spiegelt den Rückzug ins Private nach den Napoleonischen Kriegen wider." (The Biedermeier style reflects the retreat into the private sphere after the Napoleonic Wars.)

Bildung

education / cultivation — the process of acquiring knowledge, values, and skills; in German cultural tradition, encompasses intellectual and moral formation of the whole person

Similar definitions: Erziehung, Ausbildung

Example: "         ist der Schlüssel zu persönlichem und gesellschaftlichem Fortschritt." (Education is the key to personal and societal progress.)

Bildungsroman

coming-of-age novel — a literary genre tracing the psychological, moral, and social development of a protagonist from youth to adulthood; associated with German literature (e.g., Goethe's Wilhelm Meister)

Example: "Goethes "Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre" gilt als klassischer         ." (Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship is considered a classic Bildungsroman.)

Bildungssystem

education system — the organized set of institutions providing formal education, from primary school through university; Germany's system is shaped by each federal state

Example: "Das föderale          Deutschlands unterscheidet sich von Bundesland zu Bundesland." (Germany's federal education system differs from state to state.)

Biotechnologie

biotechnology — the use of biological systems and organisms to develop technologies and products in medicine, agriculture, and industry

Example: "Die          ermöglichte die schnelle Entwicklung von mRNA-Impfstoffen." (Biotechnology enabled the rapid development of mRNA vaccines.)

Brauchtum

customs and traditions — cultural practices and rituals passed down through generations within a community or region

Similar definitions: Tradition, Bräuche

Example: "Das          rund um Weihnachten ist in Deutschland sehr lebendig." (The customs surrounding Christmas are very lively in Germany.)

Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP)

gross domestic product (GDP) — the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period; key measure of economic output

Example: "Das          Deutschlands ist das größte in der EU." (Germany's GDP is the largest in the EU.)

Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF)

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees — the German government agency responsible for processing asylum applications and managing integration programs

Example: "Das          bearbeitet Asylanträge und koordiniert Integrationsmaßnahmen." (The BAMF processes asylum applications and coordinates integration measures.)

Bundesliga

German professional football league — the top tier of German football, featuring clubs such as Bayern München and Borussia Dortmund; one of the most-watched sports leagues in the world

Example: "Der FC Bayern München hat die          viele Male gewonnen." (FC Bayern Munich has won the Bundesliga many times.)

Bundesländer

German federal states — the 16 constituent states making up the Federal Republic of Germany, each with its own government and constitution

Example: "Deutschland besteht aus 16         ." (Germany consists of 16 federal states.)

Bundestag

German federal parliament — the lower house of Germany's federal legislature, directly elected by citizens; the primary legislative body

Example: "Der          verabschiedet Gesetze und wählt den Bundeskanzler." (The Bundestag passes laws and elects the Federal Chancellor.)

Bürger

citizen — a legally recognized member of a state with associated rights and responsibilities; also used to mean a member of the (urban) public

Similar definitions: Staatsbürger, Einwohner

Example: "Jeder          hat das Recht, an Wahlen teilzunehmen." (Every citizen has the right to participate in elections.)

Bürgergeld

citizen's income — Germany's reformed basic income support for unemployed people, replacing the previous Hartz IV system in 2023

Example: "Das          soll die soziale Absicherung für Langzeitarbeitslose verbessern." (The citizen's income is meant to improve social security for the long-term unemployed.)

Bürgerrechte

civil rights — the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, guaranteed by law

Example: "         wie Redefreiheit und Wahlrecht sind im Grundgesetz verankert." (Civil rights such as freedom of speech and the right to vote are enshrined in the Basic Law.)

Chancengleichheit

equal opportunity — the principle that all people have fair and equal access to education, employment, and social advancement regardless of background

Similar definitions: Gleichberechtigung, Gerechtigkeit

Example: "         im Bildungssystem ist noch nicht vollständig verwirklicht." (Equal opportunity in the education system has not yet been fully realized.)

Cousin / Cousine

male cousin / female cousin — the child of one's aunt or uncle

Example: "Ich treffe meinen          jedes Jahr beim Familientreffen." (I meet my cousin every year at the family reunion.)

da (weil-Alternative)

since / as (causal conjunction) — introduces a causal subordinate clause with verb-final word order; often interchangeable with weil in formal written German

Example: "         es regnete, blieben wir drinnen." (Since it was raining, we stayed inside.)

daher

therefore / hence — a connective adverb indicating a logical consequence or result

Similar definitions: deshalb, deswegen, darum

Example: "Er hatte keine Zeit;          konnte er nicht kommen." (He had no time; therefore he could not come.)

damit / um … zu

so that / in order to — connectors expressing purpose; damit introduces a purpose clause with a subject; um … zu is used when the subject is the same in both clauses

Example: "Er lernt Deutsch,          er in Deutschland arbeiten kann." (He is learning German so that he can work in Germany.)

darstellen

to represent / to depict / to portray — to show or present something in a particular way

Similar definitions: zeigen, schildern, abbilden

Example: "Der Künstler          das Leben in der Großstadt realistisch dar." (The artist depicts life in the big city realistically.)

darüber hinaus

furthermore / moreover / beyond that — used to add additional supporting information

Similar definitions: außerdem, zudem, überdies

Example: "         bietet das Programm finanzielle Unterstützung." (Furthermore, the program offers financial support.)

Datenschutz

data protection / privacy — the legal and technical measures protecting personal data from unauthorized access or misuse; governed in the EU by the GDPR (DSGVO)

Example: "         ist ein Grundrecht in der Europäischen Union." (Data protection is a fundamental right in the European Union.)

Dativ

dative case — the grammatical case used for the indirect object of a verb and after certain prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, gegenüber)

Example: "Ich gebe          Mann das Buch." (I give the man the book — dem = dative masculine.)

DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik)

GDR / East Germany — the communist German state that existed from 1949 to 1990, bordered by West Germany; reunified with the Federal Republic in 1990

Example: "Die          war ein sozialistischer Staat unter sowjetischem Einfluss." (The GDR was a socialist state under Soviet influence.)

Deklination

declension — the system by which nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles change their form (endings) according to case, number, and gender

Example: "Die          der deutschen Substantive folgt bestimmten Mustern." (The declension of German nouns follows certain patterns.)

Demografie

demographics — the statistical study of populations, including age distribution, birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns

Example: "Der         -Wandel stellt das Rentensystem vor große Herausforderungen." (The demographic shift poses major challenges to the pension system.)

demografischer Wandel

demographic change — the shift in population structure, particularly the aging of society and declining birth rates; a major challenge for Germany's social welfare system

Example: "Der          erfordert Reformen im Rentensystem." (Demographic change requires reforms in the pension system.)

Demokratie

democracy — a system of government in which power is vested in the people, exercised directly or through elected representatives

Example: "         bedeutet, dass jeder Bürger eine Stimme hat." (Democracy means that every citizen has a voice.)

denn (Konjunktion)

because / for — a coordinating conjunction introducing a reason; unlike 'weil', does not change word order

Similar definitions: weil, da

Example: "Ich gehe früh ins Bett,          ich morgen früh aufstehen muss." (I am going to bed early, because I have to get up early tomorrow.)

dennoch

nevertheless / nonetheless / yet — used to introduce a contrasting statement in spite of previously stated information

Similar definitions: trotzdem, jedoch, gleichwohl

Example: "Es war schwierig;          gelang es ihr." (It was difficult; nevertheless she succeeded.)

Der Blaue Reiter

'The Blue Rider' — a German Expressionist art group founded in Munich in 1911, associated with Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc; emphasized spiritual content and abstract color

Example: "         war eine der wichtigsten Gruppen des deutschen Expressionismus." (The Blue Rider was one of the most important groups of German Expressionism.)

deshalb

therefore / that is why — a connective adverb expressing result or consequence

Similar definitions: daher, deswegen, aus diesem Grund

Example: "Ich war krank;          bin ich nicht gekommen." (I was sick; that is why I didn't come.)

Deutsches Wörterbuch

comprehensive German dictionary — the authoritative historical dictionary of the German language originally compiled by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century

Example: "Das          der Brüder Grimm ist das größte Werk der deutschen Lexikografie." (The Grimm brothers' German Dictionary is the largest work of German lexicography.)

Die Brücke

'The Bridge' — a German Expressionist artists' group founded in Dresden in 1905, known for bold colors and angular forms; major precursor to modern art

Example: "         gilt als Beginn des Expressionismus in der deutschen Malerei." (The Bridge is considered the beginning of Expressionism in German painting.)

Digitale Gesellschaft

digital society — a society in which digital technologies permeate all aspects of economic, social, and cultural life

Example: "In der          sind digitale Kompetenzen unverzichtbar." (In the digital society, digital skills are indispensable.)

Digitaler Wandel

digital transformation — the ongoing shift in society, business, and government driven by digital technologies

Similar definitions: Digitalisierung

Example: "Der          erfordert neue Fähigkeiten von Arbeitnehmern aller Branchen." (Digital transformation requires new skills from workers in all industries.)

Digitalisierung

digitalization — the integration of digital technology into all areas of life, business, education, and government

Similar definitions: Digitaler Wandel

Example: "Die          verändert die Arbeitswelt grundlegend." (Digitalization is fundamentally changing the working world.)

Diskriminierung

discrimination — unfair or unequal treatment of people based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, religion, or disability

Similar definitions: Benachteiligung, Ungleichbehandlung

Example: "         am Arbeitsplatz ist in Deutschland gesetzlich verboten." (Discrimination in the workplace is legally prohibited in Germany.)

diskutieren

to discuss — to talk about a topic in detail, considering different views and arguments

Similar definitions: debattieren, erörtern

Example: "Wir          die Vor- und Nachteile der Globalisierung." (We are discussing the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.)

Duales Ausbildungssystem

dual vocational education system — Germany's apprenticeship model combining workplace training with vocational school attendance; a model emulated worldwide

Example: "Das          gilt international als Vorbild für die Berufsausbildung." (The dual vocational training system is internationally regarded as a model for vocational education.)

ebenso

likewise / equally / similarly — used to draw a comparison or add a parallel point

Similar definitions: gleichermaßen, auch, genauso

Example: "Die Wirtschaft wächst;          steigen die Löhne." (The economy is growing; likewise wages are rising.)

Ehe für alle

marriage equality — the law granting same-sex couples the right to marry in Germany, passed in 2017

Example: "Mit der Einführung der          haben gleichgeschlechtliche Paare dieselben Rechte wie heterosexuelle." (With the introduction of marriage equality, same-sex couples have the same rights as heterosexual ones.)

Ehefrau / Ehemann

wife / husband — the female or male spouse in a legal marriage

Example: "Er hat seiner          einen Ring geschenkt." (He gave his wife a ring.)

Ehrenamt

volunteer work / honorary office — unpaid, voluntary service in the community; deeply valued in German civil society

Similar definitions: freiwilliges Engagement, Volunteering

Example: "Er engagiert sich im          bei der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr." (He volunteers with the volunteer fire department.)

Einbürgerung

naturalization — the legal process by which a foreign national acquires citizenship of a country

Example: "Nach zehn Jahren in Deutschland beantragte er die         ." (After ten years in Germany, he applied for naturalization.)

einerseits … andererseits

on the one hand … on the other hand — a connector used to present two contrasting perspectives or arguments

Example: "         spart man Zeit, andererseits verliert man persönlichen Kontakt." (On the one hand you save time; on the other hand you lose personal contact.)

Einkommensungleichheit

income inequality — the unequal distribution of income across different groups within a society

Similar definitions: Ungleichheit, Einkommensschere

Example: "Die          wächst trotz des wirtschaftlichen Aufschwungs." (Income inequality is growing despite economic recovery.)

Einwanderung

immigration — the process of entering and settling in a foreign country

Similar definitions: Zuwanderung, Migration

Example: "         hat die deutsche Gesellschaft kulturell bereichert." (Immigration has culturally enriched German society.)

Einwanderungspolitik

immigration policy — government regulations and laws governing the entry, residence, and integration of immigrants

Example: "Die          ist ein zentrales Thema in der deutschen Politik." (Immigration policy is a central issue in German politics.)

Eltern

parents — a child's mother and father

Example: "Meine          unterstützen mich bei meiner Ausbildung." (My parents support me in my training.)

Elternzeit

parental leave — paid leave granted to parents after the birth or adoption of a child; in Germany fathers are especially encouraged to take Elternzeit

Example: "Immer mehr Väter nehmen         ." (More and more fathers are taking parental leave.)

Energiewende

energy transition — Germany's comprehensive national policy shift from fossil fuels and nuclear power to renewable energy sources

Example: "Die          ist eines der ehrgeizigsten Klimaschutzprojekte der Welt." (The energy transition is one of the most ambitious climate protection projects in the world.)

Entwicklungshilfe

development aid — financial, technical, or humanitarian assistance provided by wealthier countries to developing nations

Example: "Deutschland gehört zu den größten Gebern von         ." (Germany is one of the largest providers of development aid.)

Erinnerungskultur

culture of remembrance — Germany's collective practices of memorializing historical events, particularly the Holocaust; includes museums, memorials, and educational programs

Example: "Die deutsche          umfasst Gedenkstätten, Denkmäler und den Geschichtsunterricht." (German culture of remembrance includes memorial sites, monuments, and history education.)

erläutern

to explain / to elaborate on — to make something clearer by giving detailed information

Similar definitions: erklären, ausführen, darlegen

Example: "Bitte          Sie Ihre Argumentation genauer." (Please elaborate on your argumentation in more detail.)

Erneuerbare Energien

renewable energy — energy from naturally replenishing sources such as wind, solar, hydro, and geothermal power

Similar definitions: Ökoenergie, grüne Energie

Example: "         sollen fossile Brennstoffe langfristig ersetzen." (Renewable energies are meant to replace fossil fuels in the long term.)

erneuerbare Energien

renewable energies (lowercase) — energy from naturally replenishing sources; used in everyday text contexts as a common noun phrase

Similar definitions: Erneuerbare Energien, grüne Energie

Example: "Die Nutzung von          wächst in Deutschland jedes Jahr." (The use of renewable energies grows in Germany every year.)

Ernährung

nutrition / diet — the process of consuming and using food for health; also refers to food culture and eating habits

Similar definitions: Diät, Kost, Essen

Example: "Eine ausgewogene          ist die Grundlage für ein gesundes Leben." (A balanced diet is the foundation for a healthy life.)