Digestive System

mucosa

the innermost layer of the alimentary canal, made of epithelial tissue

pharynx

food enters here AFTER the mouth

esophagus

muscular tube that leads to the stomach

chief cells

produce pepsinogen (in the stomach)

protein

what pepsinogen breaks down

parietal cells

produces HCl (in the stomach)

chyme

paste-like substance that leaves the stomach

salivary gland

produces amylase in the mouth

cardio-esphogeal

sphincter between the esophagus and stomach

stomach

organ of physical digestion that chemically breaks down protein too

fundus

expanded part of the upper stomach

pyloris

terminal or last part of the stomach/most activity here

pyloric

sphincter between the stomach and small intestine

gastrin

a hormone made in the stomach when food enters

duodenum

first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

jejunum

the second (middle) part of the small intestine

ileum

final part of the small intestine

ileocecal

a valve that separates the small intestine from the large intestine

villi

finger-like projections in the small intestine, contains enzymes and increases surface area

large intestine

is made up of the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal

appendix

usually twisted and therefore may become infected by bacteria

the first part of the colon

ascending colon

sigmoid

the descending colon becomes this s-shaped part of the colon (k on the diagram)

pancreas

makes all purpose digestive juice and helps neutralize the pH of chyme

bile

emulsifies fat

liver

produces bile

stores bile

gall bladder

rugae

the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach