moee bio 1113

What are the macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What macromolecule is not a polymer?

Lipids

Are lipids polar or non polar?

Non polar they don’t mix well with water

What are lipids subcategories?

Steroids, fats, phospholipids

What are phospholipids?

Crucial for forming plasma membrane structures, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails

What are carbohydrates subcategories

Monosaccharides, polysaccharides

What are nucleic acids

DNA, RNA

Dehydration

Losing water

Hydrolysis

Gaining water

Glycolic bond

Sugar bond

Peptide bond

Protein bond made by dehydration

Phosphodiester linkage

Linkage between nucleotides

Nucleotide

Molecular building block for nucleic acids

Phagocytosis

Cell eating

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking

Ribosome

Synthesize proteins

Rough ER

Secretes proteins

Smooth ER

synthesizes lipids

Golgi apparatus

Pack, modify, sort

Mitochondria

Produces AtP

Lysosomes

Digest macromolecules

Central vacuole plants

Sturdiness

Chloroplast plants

Photosynthesis

What is In the phospholipid bilayse

Phosphate head, fatty acid tail

What helps the phospholipid bilayers fluidity

Cholesterol

What helps the plasma membranes mosaic

Proteins

Transport proteins

Carry material from one side to another

Carrier proteins

Binds to molecules to move them

Bulk transport

Endocytosis, pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Exocytosis

Cell expels substances

Concentration gradient

high to low

Passive transport

No energy, goes with gradient, small and non polar

Facilitated transport

Needs a transport or carrier protein, carries charged particle

Active transport

Needs a protein and ATP, goes against the gradient