Joshua Hall A&P Ch.6 Integumentary System

dermatology

The study of the integumentary system is called?

epithelium

The epidermis is made up of ___________ tissue.

areolar, irregular

The dermis is made up of loose _______ connective __tissue, and dense__ ________ connective tissue.

subcutaneous

The Hypodermis is not part of the skin but it is directly under the skin and it is made up of areolar tissue and adipose tissue that we call _____________ fat.

epidermis

The term “thick skinned” refers to the thickness of the ____________.

acid mantle

The surface of our skin is covered in something called the ____ ______ because it has a ph of 4-6 and reduces bacterial growth.

D

Skin is used to create vitamin __.

keratinocytes

The vast majority of cells in the epidermis are?

They are responsible for making the protein keratin.

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

dendritic

White blood cell that have migrated into the skin to fight infection are called ________ cells.

Stratum basale

The layer of cells at the bottom of the epidermis. Stem cells. Simple cuboidal. Also has tactile cells and melanocytes.

spinosum

The stratum basale layer gives rise to the stratum ________ layer. Made up of layers of keratinocytes.

granulosum

The stratum spinosum give rise to a very thin layer called the stratum _________. 3-5 layers of dying keratinocytes that are flattening out.

lucidum

In thick skin, the stratum granulosom gives rise to another thin layer called the stratum _________. Made up of keratinocytes that have no organelles and are packed together with a protein called eleidin.

corneum

The outer most layer in all epidermis is the stratum __________. It is made completely of dead keratinocytes and has lots of the protein keratin. It can be up to 30 layers thick and protects against abrasion and water loss.

melanosomes

Absorbed by keratinocytes and used to protect the nucleus against UV radiation.

30-40 days

How long does it take for a keratinocyte to be produced by a basal stem cell and then eventually be exfoliated from the stratum corneum?

papillary layer

The superficial (top) layer of the dermis that is made up of areolar CT is referred to as the?

reticular

The deeper layer of the dermis is made up of dense irregular CT and is called the ________ layer.

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

The three pigments that affect skin color are?

pheomelanin

The reddish-yellow form of melanin is?

eumelanin

The brownish-black form of melanin is?

cyanosis

Blue skin color due to low oxygenation of hemoglobin is called?

erythema

Redness of the skin doe to inflammation, allergy, hyperextension, or fever is called?

pallor

Blanching or extreme whiteness that is caused by anemia, low blood pressure, fear, or anger is called?

jaundice

Yellow color due to issues with the liver is called?

hematoma

A bruise caused by clotted blood underneath the skin is called a?

hemangiomas

Birthmarks are properly called?

They are the result of benign tumors in the capillaries.

disulfide

Nail and hair are made up of hard keratin. Hard keratin is hard because of _________ bridges.

pili

What is the anatomy name for a hair?

shaft

The part of the hair that sticks out of the skin?

root

The part of the hair that goes down into the skin?

cuticle

The outermost layer of a hair is called the?

cortex

The layer of a hair just underneath the cuticle is called the?

This is wear the color comes from.

medulla

The very center of a hair is called the?

hair matrix

Mitotically active cells that cause hair growth are called the?

alopecia

Thinning of hair is called?

hirsutism

Undesirable hair growth is called?

epidermis

Nails and hair originate in the?

sudoriferous

Sweat glands (the most common glands) are called ___________ glands.

merocrine

Sweat glands are called apocrine glands but actually disperse their products like ________ glands.

holocrine

Sebaceous glands produce an oil called sebum that they disperse via the ___________ method.

ceruminous

______________ glands produce earwax (cerumen).

sexual

Apocrine sweat glands release sweat into a hair follicle and are only found in _______ areas.