sexology

fimbriae

fingerlike projections at the end of the infundibulum that extend toward the ovary

perimetrium

outer layer of the uterus that forms the external cover of the organ

imperforate hymen

rare condition where the hymen is a tough tissue with no opening

corpora cavernosa

sponge like regions of erectile tissue (in both penis and clitoris)

spermatogonium

male reproductive cell at the earliest stage of spermatogenesis

spermatogenesis

the manufacturing of sperm

stages of spermatogenesis

1 - spermatogonium

2- spermatocyte (primary then secondary)

3 - spermatid

4 - spermatozoan (or sperm)

myometrium

middle, muscular layer of the uterus

layers of the uterus

inner - endometrium

middle - myometrium

outer - perimetrium

meatus

opening at the end of the glans of the penis where both urine and semen pass

purpose of the prostate gland

secrete a fluid that helps prevent the destruction of sperm

infibulation

most extreme for of female genital cutting

skene’s gland

the female prostate, lies between the wall of the urethra and the wall of the vagina. Is responsible for female ejaculation

spermatogenesis occurs in the

seminiferous tubules

vulva

external genitals in female bodies

what percent of American men and boys between 14 and 59 are circumcised?

80%

the breast has 15 or 20 clusters of what that each have a separate opening to the nipple?

mammary glands

what is thought to cause cancer of the penis?

collection of smegma under the foreskin

what is the clitoral hood formed by?

the labia minora

what does the uterus look like?

the shape and size of an upside-down pear

epididymis

long tube (20 ft) coiled into a small crescent shaped region on the top and side of the testis

where is the (female) G spot?

on the front wall of the vagina, when present

introitus

the vaginal opening

what regulates levels of LH (luteinizing hormone)

GnRH (gonadotro pin-releasing hormone)

T/F, in some cultures adolescence does not exist

True

do boys or girls get their growth spurts first

girls get it two years before boys

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

condition where a genetic female develops ovaries normally as a fetus, but the adrenal gland does not function normally and an excess amount of androgen is produced causes external genitals to be partly or completely male in appearance

testis-determining factor (TDF) is responsible for

differentiation of gonads into testes

do males or females have gonad differentiation first

males

where are hormones secreted

directly into the bloodstream

what do Masters and Johnson suggest about masturbation and menstration

it might be a remedy for menstrual cramp

which brain structures show gender differentiation

hypothalamus and the amygdala

menarche

first menstruation

does menarche signal when a girl can get pregnant

no, it is the fist ovulation (typically two years after menarche)

what is a consequence of undescended testes in a male

inhibition of sperm production

secondary amenorrhea

absence of 3 or more periods in a row by someone who has had periods in the past

primary amenorrhea

inability to reach menarche during normal development

primary dysmenorrhea

cramping and pain that comes before or during a period

secondary dysmenorrhea

caused by a disorder in the reproductive organs - pain is worse than normal menstrual cramps

T/F only testosterone levels differ between men and women

True

how does body temperature change during the menstrual cycles

decreases on the day of ovulation, increases during the luteal phase

what term did self pleasure replace

masturbation

when talking about atherosclerosis (vascular changes), what can predict what?

erectile dysfunction can predict coronary artery disease

what does PLISSIT stand for

permission, limited information, specific suggestions, intensive therapy

what is PLISSIT about

therapy and/or counseling

what is the sex determining region (SRY)

a gene located on the Y chromosome

how is the SRY involved in sexual differentiation

default is female, XX, and XY is when testosterone activates male development via SRY

what is the sequence of sexual differentiation of the genitals and sexual differentiation of the brain

the genitals first, then the brain

what is the primary sex-differentiated structure of the brain

hypothalamus

what is the Sensoa Flag-system

assessment tool for sexual behavior of children and young people ages 0-18 years old

6 criteria used in the flag system

mutual consent, voluntary engagement, equality, appropriate for the development and age, appropriate for the context, self-respect

how do disgusted kids become happy adults (in regards to kissing)

sexual arousal overrules disgust in development

what is the global advisory board (GAB) triangle approach

sexual health, sexual pleasure, sexual rights

what is the sexual motivation cycle

sexual stimulus > liking/wanting > dis(inhibition) > action/approach or stop/avoidance

in the brain, where do gay and heterosexual men differ

hypothalamus

side effects of menopause

ovaries produce less estrogen (or none), vaginal elasticity decreases, vagina narrows, vaginal lining becomes dry and thin, blood flow decreased to vaginal tissues

what is theoretical and sexual pluralism

against sexual essentialism and sexual hierarchy, sex negativity, prohibitions on consensual sex. for sexual diversity

what is the leading cause of infertility in women

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

a prenatal test for chromosomal abnormalities that can be conducted in the first trimester of a pregnancy

what does amniotic fluid do

protect the fetus from possible injury

what does prolactin do

the hormone responsible for lactation

how do zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) differ

ZIFT involves fertilizing the egg before introducing it to the fallopian tube

what is a zygote

a fertilized egg cell

what is a gamete

the egg/ovum or the sperm

what does the placenta do

produce large quantities of estrogen and progesterone

when might a C section be required

if the umbilical cord prolapses

are fertility websites and apps acurate

nah not relative to scientifically determined standard

environmental estrogens

can cause sperm to mature too fast

postpartum blues

are different than postpartum depression, and are mood swings that last roughly two weeks

episiotomy

a cut (incision) through the area between the vaginal opening and anus (the perineum) to make the vaginal opening larger for childbirth

effect of cocaine use during pregnancy

smaller head circumference and microcephaly

T/F tubal pregnancies may lead to spontaneous abortions

True

what moves the egg along the fallopian tube

cilia lining the fallopian tube

what happens during pregnancy (hormone wise)

progesterone increases cause feelings of fatigue

when is the climacteric

ages 45 to 60 in women

what is the climacteric

period during which a woman’s body makes the transition from being able to reproduce to not being able to reproduce

climacteric vs menopause

menopause is one specific event during climacteric, when menstruation ends. Climacteric is a decline in the functioning of the ovaries

current trend in extramarital sex?

broad decline in marriage and rates of relationship fidelity

what does research indicated about extramarital sex

lifetime prevalence of extramarital sex is higher for men than women

what is the current recommendation for use of hormone therapy for treatment of symptoms of menopause in women

lowest dose for the shortest period

what is true of male retention tactics?

they are most likely to be used when an individual perceives that his or her partner is dissatisfied

theory of singlehood

some people form a secure attachment style early in life and make a personal choice to remain single

what is a side effect of male hormonal methods of contraception that are currently under development

they have been known to inhibit the man’s sex drive

venous thrombosis

blood clot in the veins

side effect of birth control pills

venous thrombosis

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

advantage of progestin only pills

safer alternative to combination pills for women over 35 who smoke

diaphragm (birth control)

barrier method that is placed over cervix with spermicide before sex and must be left for at least 6 hours after sex

what is misoprostol used for

to treat ulcers

what is mifepristone used for

to block progesterone
when used with misoprostol, is an abortion pill

difference between Mirena and copper T

Mirena reduces the menstrual flow for most women, unlike copper T

what is Mirena

hormonal IUD

vaginal pressure inducer

EFT (emotionally focuses therapy)

• relationships and sexual problems are manifestation of underlying fear

• express sexual desire without fear of rejection

• focus on positive experiences

• 5:1 ratio positive:negative experiences

differentiation

• unsolvable problems are part of relationships

• conflict zone is opportunity for growth and intimacy

• autonomy (true to yourself) and commitment (meet the other)

• learn to sooth yourself

adrenarche

process of sexual maturation

what is true of the latency period (Freud)

expression of children’s sexuality remains lively during this period

framing theory

media focuses attention on certain events

cultivation

long term exposure to media content shapes a viewer’s perception of reality

social exchange theory

attempts to predict conditions where people change their relationships