Biomedical Technology Foundational Terminology 2.00

Cats are used for

auditory systems; can be trained through auditory cues, naturally occurring hearing defects

Primates are used for

Immune system; immunological similarities

Dogs are used for

Cardiovascular system; similar cardiovascular systems, same inherited defects

Endocrine system; diabetes, diabetes-induced deficits

Mice are used for

Aging; body systems decline with age, age 30 times faster than humans

Rats are used for

Aging; deficits occur faster and easily studied

Guinea Pigs are used for

Immunology, respiratory, and toxicology

Hamsters are used for

Research in infectious diseases and metabolic studies

Rabbits are used for

Skin irritation tests and antibody production

Animals are selected specifically for certain studies based off of

Physiological or genetic features relevant to the research

Insulin was made possible due to research on

Dogs

Prevention of polio was made possible due to research with

Monkeys and Mice

Antibiotics were made possible due to research with

Mice and Rabbits

Chemotherapy was made possible due to research with

Mice and Rats

Organ transplants were made possible due to research with

dogs and pigs

Heart Disease treatments were made possible due to research with

Dogs

Research in Drug abuse was made possible due to research with

Rats and Monkeys

The 3 R's Principle

replacement, reduction, refinement

Replacement Principle

Using alternative methods when possible

Reduction Principle

Minimizing the number of animals used

Refinement Principle

Improving procedures to minimize suffering

FDA

(Food and Drug Administration): Regulates preclinical testing for drug safety and efficacy.

EPA

(Environmental Protection Agency): Oversees testing of chemicals for environmental and human health impacts

CPSC

(Consumer Product Safety Commission): Ensures safety testing for consumer products.

OSHA

(Occupational Safety and Health Administration): Regulates research environments to protect human and animal safety.

Animal Welfare Act

The primary federal law governing the treatment of animals in research.

Requires proper housing, handling, and care for specific animal species.

USDA

Enforces the Animal Welfare Act through inspections and certifications.

Responsibilities of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

Responsibilities:

Review and approve all animal research protocols.

Ensure compliance with federal regulations and ethical standards.

Conduct facility inspections and evaluate the care and use of animals.

Criteria for Approval of Research:

Scientific justification for the use of animals.

Consideration of alternative methods.

Measures to minimize pain, stress, and discomfort.

Proper training of personnel involved in animal care and research.

Required Staff for proper and ethical care of research animals and their roles

Veterinarians: Oversee animal health and well-being.

Animal Care Staff: Provide daily care, including feeding, cleaning, and monitoring.

Researchers: Ensure compliance with ethical and scientific standards.

Research Animals should be treated

care to minimize stress and discomfort.

Managing pain of research animals is important because

Animals must be healthy and stress free for research to be valid