rad 124 chapter 5

Ambulatory

Walking or able to walk

Atrophy

Decrease in size of organ, tissue, or muscle

Decubitus ulcer

A pressure sore

Dyspnea

Labored or difficult breathing

High-Fowler position

Patient semi sits with head raised 45 to 90°

• used to alleviate respiratory distress

Immobilizer

Any device used to limit or prevent movement that might cause injury

Ischemia

Blood deficiency to a body part

• because of constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

Lateral recumbent (side-lying)

Patient is on right or left side with both knees slightly flexed

Semi-fowler position

Patients head is raised 15 to 30°

Sims position

Patient lays on left side with top knee bent and slightly forward and body forward

• used for diagnostic studies of lower gastrointestinal tract (GI)

Supine

Patient is flat on back

Tissue necrosis

Localized death of tissue because of injury or lack of oxygen

Trendelenburg position

Patients head is lowered or feet/legs are raised

• promotes venous return in patients with bad peripheral perfusion (oxygenated blood flow to capillaries)

Ulceration

Area of tissue necrosis that goes below the epidermis

Or

Excavation of the surface of any body organ

Facilities are required to test employees on safety every

Year

Nuclear regulatory commission

Enforces radiation safety and nuclear medicine standards

EPA

establishes guidelines for disposal of radioactive waste

OSHA

Requires employers to protect radiography employees from exposure to ionizing radiation

Procedure for patient safety in event of a fire

1. People in imminent danger must be moved away

2. Windows/doors closed

3. Turn off Oxygen

4. Follow patient/staff evacuation procedures

Magnetic resonance (MR)

Form of medical imaging that measures response of atomic nuclei of the body when placed in a strong magnetic field

MRIs work by

Radio waves causing nuclei to spin and then slow and return to normal, allowing images of internal organs to be produced

MRI is

• non-invasive

• Utilizes no radiation

MRI zone 1

Freely accessible

• field poses no hazard

MRI zone 2

Requires supervision

• includes reception area, dressing rooms, and screening areas for patients

MRI zone 3

Access restricted

• only MR personnel and patients

• Control room is here

MRI Zone 4

Location of magnet

• only thoroughly screened individuals that have removed all metal

• NO METAL

Eye contact hazard

Flush eyes for 15min

Consult physician

Skin contact hazard

Remove affected clothing

Wash skin thoroughly with soap/water

inhalation hazard

Remove from exposure

If breathing stops do CPR

Call emergency and physician

Ingestion hazard

Dont induce vomiting

Call emergency and poison control

Material safety date sheets (MSDS)

Contain info that employees need to know about the hazards materials being handled

Social determinants of health

Conditions in places where people live, learn, work, and play that affect health and quality of life

Patient assessment is successfully performed by

Data collection

Data analysis

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation

Subjective Data

Anything the patient or family member who accompanies the patient might say

Objective data

Anything the radiographer sees, hears, smells, feels, or reads on the patients chart

Anxiety and stress

Make pain worse

45%

Of all musculoskeletal disorders in health are due to improper patient lifting

Gravity

Force that pulls objects towards the center of the earth

Correct upright posture

1. Chest up & slightly forward, waist extended

2. Head erect, chin held in

3. Feet parallel at right angles, 4-8in apart

4. Knees slightly bent

5. Buttocks in, abdomen up and in

Keep the heaviest part of the object

Close to the body

Pulling rather than pushing

Reduces friction

Body mechanics focus on the

Lower back

Keep one foot

Slightly ahead of the other

Asses the patient for pain and mobility

• deviations from correct body alignment

• Joint motion, stiffness, instability, swelling, pain, atrophy

• Ability to walk, gait , speed, rhythm

• Respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal problems

• General condition, strength, endurance, balance

• Ability to understand

• Acceptance of moving

Whats the 1st rule for safe patient transfer?

Establish correct patient identity

Whats the 2nd rule for safe patient transfer?

Request information regarding patients ability to comply and move

Whats the 3rd rule for safe patient transfer?

Use correct body mechanics

Whats the 4th rule for safe patient transfer?

Use devices designed to move patients

Whats the 5th rule for safe patient transfer?

Lock all wheels and remove anything that may be in the way or a tripping hazard

Whats the 6th rule for safe patient transfer?

Give only assistance the patient needs

Whats the 7th rule for safe patient transfer?

Always transfer patients across the shortest distance

Whats the 8th rule for safe patient transfer?

Move patient toward stronger side, assist on the weaker

Whats the 9th rule for safe patient transfer?

Patient should wear shoes or hospital socks

Whats the 10th rule for safe patient transfer?

Inform the patient of the plan and encourage help

Whats the 11th rule for safe patient transfer?

Give short, simple commands

When returning a patient

1. Inform unit personnel

2. Help the patient get into bed, ensure comfort and safety

3. Place the bed closest to the floor, side rails raised with call button within reach

4. If outpatient, walk back to waiting room

Three ways of transferring patients

Gurney

Wheelchair

Ambulation

If transferring from a gurney use

A sheet or a sliding board

for transferring a wheelchair patient that cannot move themselves,

1. Place wheelchair at 45° with patients strongest side closest to the table

2. Secure wheelchair locks and lift footrest

3. DONT LEAVE PATIENT

Sheet transfer

1. Get heavy or full sheet thats folded in half

2. One person on both sides of table by patient

3. Turn patient opposite of direction being moved to

4. Place sheet with fold against patients back

5. Roll top half close to patients back

6. Tell patient to roll onto the rolled sheet and over it

7. Turn the patient to the other side and off the rolled sheet

8. Straighten the sheet

9. One person at the head, one person at each side

10. Place patients arms

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Progressive and irreversible condition that creates diminished lung capacity for exhalation and inhalation

Fluoroscope

Device used for immediate projection of radiographic image on fluorescent screen for visual examination

Tissue necrosis

Localized death of tissue due to injury or lack of O2

Ulceration

Tissue necrosis that goes below the epidermis; excavation of the surface of any body organ