IPS1 - [Liquid Dosage Forms] - Elixirs, Spirits, Liniments, Collodions, Glycerites, And Toothache Drops

Proverbs 16:3

Elixirs

These are CLEAR, SWEETENED, HYDROALCOHOLIC solutions intended for oral use, and are usually FLAVORED to their

palatability.

5% to 40%

[ELIXIRS]

Alcohol content of ELIXIRS vary from __% to ___%

10% to 12%

[ALCOHOL CONTENT OF ELIXIRS]

Elixirs that are SELF-PRESERVING

8% to 10%

[ALCOHOL CONTENT OF ELIXIRS]

LOW-alcoholic elixir

73% to 78%

[ALCOHOL CONTENT OF ELIXIRS]

HIGH-alcoholic elixir

Mixture of low and high alcohol content

[ALCOHOL CONTENT OF ELIXIRS]

ISO-alcoholic elixir

TRUE

[ELIXIRS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Most elixirs become TURBID when MODERATELY diluted by aqueous liquids.

TRUE

[ELIXIRS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Elixirs are NOT THE PREFERRED vehicle for SALTS because alcohol accentuates saline taste.

● Primary solvents

● Adjunct solvents

● Sweeteners

● Flavorants

● Colorants

● Medicinal substances

[ELIXIRS]

Components of elixirs

● Alcohol

● Water

[COMPONENTS OF ELIXIRS]

PRIMARY solvents used in elixirs

● Glycerin

● Propylene Glycol

[COMPONENTS OF ELIXIRS]

ADJUNCT solvents used in elixirs

● Maintain both water-soluble and alcohol-soluble components in solution

● Stable and easy to prepare (by simple solution method)

[ELIXIRS]

Advantages of elixirs

● Less effective in masking the taste of drugs because elixirs are less sweet and less viscous

● Not recommended for children due to their alcohol content

[ELIXIRS]

Disadvantages of elixirs

● Medicated Elixirs

● Non-Medicated Elixirs

[ELIXIRS]

Classes of elixirs

Non-Medicated Elixirs

[CLASSES OF ELXIRS]

Employed as VEHICLES; Aromatic Elixir, NF; Isoalcoholic Elixir; Compound Benzaldehyde Elixir

Medicated Elixirs

[CLASSES OF ELXIRS]

Contain drugs; Diphenhydramine Elixir, Phenobarbital Elixir, Digoxin Elixir

● Aromatic Elixir, NF

● Isoalcoholic Elixir

● Compound Benzaldehyde Elixir

[CLASSES OF ELXIRS]

Examples of NON-MEDICATED elixirs

● Diphenhydramine Elixir

● Phenobarbital Elixir

● Digoxin Elixir

[CLASSES OF ELXIRS]

Examples of MEDICATED elixirs

● By simple solution with agitation

● By admixture of two or more liquid ingredients

[ELIXIRS]

Preparation of elixirs

● Tight, light-resistant containers

● Protected from excessive heat

[ELIXIRS]

Storage of elixirs

Spirits

These are ALCOHOLIC or HYDROALCOHOLIC solutions of volatile substances.

Essences

Spirits are also known as___

Spirits

These have HIGH alcohol content (>60%) to keep water-insoluble volatile oils in solution.

>60%

[SPIRITS]

SPIRITS have HIGH alcohol content (___%) to keep water-insoluble volatile oils in solution.

Water

[SPIRITS]

In SPIRITS, the addition of ____ results to the separation of the oil.

● Medicinal Spirits

● Flavoring Spirits

[SPIRITS]

Uses of spirits

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia

[SPIRITS]

Example of MEDICINAL spirits

Reflex Stimulant

[SPIRITS]

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia is used as ___

● Compound Orange Spirit

● Compound Cardamom Spirit

[SPIRITS]

Examples of FLAVORING spirits

● Oral

● External application

● Inhalation

[SPIRITS]

Administration for spirits

● Brandy

● Whisky

[ADMINISTRATION OF SPIRITS]

Examples of spirits that are taken ORALLY

Oral administration

[ADMINISTRATION OF SPIRITS]

This administration is commonly mixed with a portion of water to reduce pungency of the spirit.

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia

[ADMINISTRATION OF SPIRITS]

Examples of spirits that are used as INHALATION

● Distillation

● Solution by Maceration

● Solution by Chemical Reaction

● Simple Solution

[SPIRITS]

Methods of preparation for spirits

● Brandy (Spiritus Vini Vitis)

● Whisky (Spiritus Frumenti)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Examples of spirits prepared via DISTILLATION

48% to 54% alcohol

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Brandy is prepared from GRAPES (Vini vitis) via distillation process and contains ____ % alcohol

47% to 53% alcohol

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Whisky is prepared from MALT GRAIN via distillation process and contains ____ % alcohol

Peppermint Spirit

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Example of spirits prepared via SOLUTION WITH MACERATION

Ethyl Nitrite Spirit

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Example of spirits prepared via SOLUTION BY CHEMICAL REACTION

Ammonia Spirit (Spirit of Sal Volatile)

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Example of spirits prepared via SIMPLE SOLUTION

Spirit of Sal Volatile

[METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR SPIRITS]

Ammonia Spirit is also known as ___

Liniments

These are ALCOHOLIC or OLEAGINOUS solutions or emulsions of various medicinal substances intended for EXTERNAL application to the skin, generally with RUBBING.

Embrocations

Liniments are also known as ____

● For external use only

● Not to be applied to broken skin

[LINIMENTS]

Liniments must bear a label indicating:

● Alcoholic Liniments

● Oily Liniments

● Emulsion Liniments

[LINIMENTS]

Types of liniments

Alcoholic liniments

[TYPES OF LINIMENTS]

These are used for its RUBEFACIENT property.

PAO liniment

[TYPES OF LINIMENTS]

Example of ALCOHOLIC liniment

Oily liniments

[TYPES OF LINIMENTS]

These are useful when MASSAGE is required.

Efficascent Oil

[TYPES OF LINIMENTS]

Example of OILY liniment.

● White Liniment

● Camphor Liniment

● Omega Pain Killer

[TYPES OF LINIMENTS]

Examples of EMULSION liniment

Collodions

These are liquid preparations composed of pyroxillin (nitric and sulfuric acids) dissolved in a solvent mixture usually composed of 3:1 alcohol and ether with or without added medicinal substances.

Ethereal solutions

[COLLODIONS]

Collodions are also known as ____

pyroxillin (nitric and sulfuric acids)

[COLLODIONS]

Collodions are liquid preparations composed of ___ dissolved in a solvent mixture usually composed of 3:1 alcohol and ether with or without added medicinal substances

3:1 alcohol and ether

[COLLODIONS]

Collodions are liquid preparations composed of pyroxillin (nitric and sulfuric acids) dissolved in a solvent mixture usually composed of____with or without added medicinal substances

For External Use Only

[COLLODIONS]

Collodions should be labeled with ___

● Fine camel's hair brush

● Glass applicator

[COLLODIONS]

Collodions are applied to the skin with ___

Tight-closed container

[COLLODIONS]

Container used in collodions

Not exceeding 30 C

[COLLODIONS]

Collodions should be stored at temperature not exceeding ____ C and remote from fire.

● Collodion, USP

● Flexible Collodion, USP

● Salicylic Acid Collodion, USP

[COLLODIONS]

Examples of collodions

Collodion, USP

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

This is useful in holding the edges of an INCISED WOUND together.

Flexible Collodion, USP

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

This is prepared by adding 2% camphor and 3% castor oil together.

Flexible Collodion, USP

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

This is used as COATING over bandages or stitched incisions to make them waterproof and to protect them from external stress.

● 2% Camphor

● 3% Castor Oil

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

Composition of Flexible Collodion, USP

Castor oil

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

Component of Flexible Collodion, USP that renders the product FLEXIBLE.

Camphor

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

Component of Flexible Collodion, USP that makes the product WATERPROOF.

Salicylic Acid Collodion, USP

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

This is a 10% salicylic acid in Flexible Collodion; used as a KERATOLYTIC agent

10% salicylic acid

[EXAMPLES OF COLLODIONS]

Salicylic Acid Collodion, USP is a ___% salicylic acid in Flexible Collodion; used as a KERATOLYTIC agent

Glycerites

These are VISCOUS solutions or mixture of medicinal substances in NOT LESS THAN 50% by weight of GLYCERIN.

Glycerites

These are used as a MEDICINAL agent or as an aid in DISSOLVING other drugs in water or alcohol.

Not less than 50%

[GLYCERITES]

Glycerites are VISCOUS solutions or mixture of medicinal substances in ____% by weight of GLYCERIN.

Glycerin

[GLYCERITES]

Glycerites are VISCOUS solutions or mixture of medicinal substances in NOT LESS THAN 50% by weight of ____.

● Glycerin - not less than 50% w/w

● Purified Water

● Gelatin

● Medicament (active ingredient)

[GLYCERITES]

Formulation components of glycerites

● Starch Glycerite

● Tannic Acid Glycerite

● Phenol Glycerite

[GLYCERITES]

Examples of glycerites

Starch glycerite

[EXAMPLES OF GLYCERITES]

This is used as a TOPICAL PROTECTANT.

Tannic acid glycerite

[EXAMPLES OF GLYCERITES]

This is used as an ASTRINGENT.

Phenol glycerite

[EXAMPLES OF GLYCERITES]

This is used as an ANTISEPTIC/TOPICAL agent.

Toothache drops

These are preparations for the temporary relief of toothache.

Toothache drops

These are applied using a small pledget of cotton saturated with the product into the tooth cavity.

Toothache drops

These contain clove oil and mixtures of phenol with camphor or creosote.

● Clove Oil

● Mixtures of Phenol with Camphor or Creosote

Toothache drops contain ____