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Nature vs. Nurture
Are we born a certain way or are we taught to be a certain way?
Socialization
The process in which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a society and learn to function as it’s member.
Where does socialization come from?
Institutions, family, peers, education, work, media, government, and religion.
When does primary socialization begin?
Infancy, very early in life.
When does secondary socialization begin
Later in childhood, but continues across life.
Agent of Socialization: Family
The first and most important agent of socialization, it teaches values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors.
Agent of Socialization: Peer Groups
Helps develop identity that is different from parents, “kids teach kids.”
Agent of Socialization: School
Teaches behaviors in children, and enforces expectations on children.
Agent of Socialization: Work
Happens later in life, teaches material and non-material culture.
Agent of Socialization: Religion
Teaches children and adults the “how to” of their material culture, reinforces family socialization.
Agent of Socialization: Government
Rites of passages defined by age by the government tell us when entering a new socialization.
Agent of Socialization: Media
Tv, radio, social media, movies, news outlets, magazines. Influences opinions, beliefs, attitudes, beliefs, and values.
Internalized Behavior
When you have been socialized to do something where you do not have to be told to do the thing.
Gender Socialization
Learning the expected physiological and social traits (gender roles) and norms through social factors like school, media, family, and religion connected to one’s sex.
Race Socialization
Verbal and nonverbal messages older generations pass to younger generations about the meaning of race, racial stratification, and intergroup relations.
Class Socialization
The norms, values, and behaviors you develop based on the social class you belong to.
