sociology 9/18 notes

Nature vs. Nurture

Are we born a certain way or are we taught to be a certain way?

Socialization

The process in which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a society and learn to function as it’s member.

Where does socialization come from?

Institutions, family, peers, education, work, media, government, and religion.

When does primary socialization begin?

Infancy, very early in life.

When does secondary socialization begin

Later in childhood, but continues across life.

Agent of Socialization: Family

The first and most important agent of socialization, it teaches values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors.

Agent of Socialization: Peer Groups

Helps develop identity that is different from parents, “kids teach kids.”

Agent of Socialization: School

Teaches behaviors in children, and enforces expectations on children.

Agent of Socialization: Work

Happens later in life, teaches material and non-material culture.

Agent of Socialization: Religion

Teaches children and adults the “how to” of their material culture, reinforces family socialization.

Agent of Socialization: Government

Rites of passages defined by age by the government tell us when entering a new socialization.

Agent of Socialization: Media

Tv, radio, social media, movies, news outlets, magazines. Influences opinions, beliefs, attitudes, beliefs, and values.

Internalized Behavior

When you have been socialized to do something where you do not have to be told to do the thing.

Gender Socialization

Learning the expected physiological and social traits (gender roles) and norms through social factors like school, media, family, and religion connected to one’s sex.

Race Socialization

Verbal and nonverbal messages older generations pass to younger generations about the meaning of race, racial stratification, and intergroup relations.

Class Socialization

The norms, values, and behaviors you develop based on the social class you belong to.