💊 NASAL DECONGESTANTS

What is the main goal of adrenergic nasal decongestants?

To relieve nasal obstruction and discharge.

How do adrenergic agents work in the nasal mucosa?

They constrict arterioles in the nasal mucosa via adrenergic (sympathomimetic) activity, reducing swelling and improving airflow.

What is the prototype drug for nasal decongestants?

Pseudoephedrine.

What drug class does pseudoephedrine belong to?

Therapeutic: Nasal decongestant; Pharmacologic: Adrenergic (sympathomimetic).

What receptors does pseudoephedrine act on?

Alpha-adrenergic receptors.

What is a potential serious effect of pseudoephedrine on the heart?

It can stimulate the heart, leading to caution in cardiac patients.

What are some common uses of pseudoephedrine?

Temporary relief of nasal congestion due to colds, allergies, and rhinosinusitis.

How long does it take for pseudoephedrine to take effect?

Onset is approximately 30 minutes.

What are two common adverse effects of pseudoephedrine?

Insomnia and restlessness.

What is a serious adverse effect of pseudoephedrine related to urinary function?

Urinary retention.

In which population is pseudoephedrine contraindicated due to severe hypertension?

In patients with severe hypertension or coronary artery disease (CAD).

At what age does the FDA recommend avoiding OTC pseudoephedrine in children?

In children under 2 years of age.

What is the recommendation for use of pseudoephedrine in pregnant patients?

It is not preferred during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester.

What can caffeine do when taken with pseudoephedrine?

It can worsen nervousness and insomnia.

What should patients be cautioned against regarding nasal sprays like oxymetazoline?

They should not use them for more than 3 days to avoid rebound congestion.

What is an important patient teaching point regarding cold medications?

They do not cure colds; they only relieve symptoms.

Why is it important to monitor blood pressure while administering pseudoephedrine?

To check for potential adverse effects related to hypertension.

What are the recommended monitoring parameters during treatment with pseudoephedrine?

Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and signs of anaphylaxis.

What type of patients should digital examinations of drug interactions be performed for?

For all patients using OTCs, caffeine, antidepressants, and herbal supplements.

How can pseudoephedrine affect patients with diabetes mellitus?

Patients should check for sugar content in syrups.

What is a key takeaway regarding combo medications with pseudoephedrine?

Avoid doubling up on medications with the same active ingredient.

What is one key nursing implication when administering pseudoephedrine?

Do not crush extended-release tablets.

What type of absorption is typically lower with topical nasal decongestants compared to oral forms?

Systemic absorption.

Why is patient education emphasized when prescribing pseudoephedrine?

To inform about risks of ingredient overlap in OTC medications and proper dosing.

What is a serious CNS effect associated with pseudoephedrine?

Seizures.

What should be monitored for signs of anaphylaxis when administering pseudoephedrine?

Chest tightness and throat swelling.