Anatomy, Histology & Embryology Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards created from the Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Dental Restoratives, and Charting study guide.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like fluid inside a cell where organelles are suspended.

Anatomy

Study of body shape and structure and physical relationships among body parts.

Histology

Study of tissues at the microscopic level.

Embryology

Study of prenatal development from fertilization to birth.

Enamel

Hardest substance in the body; covers the crown.

Dentin

Porous, yellowish layer under enamel; sensitive.

Cementum

Covers root and anchors tooth to the periodontal ligament.

Clinical Crown

Visible in the oral cavity.

Anatomic Crown

Covered by enamel, even if not visible.

Bifurcation

Area where a root splits (in molars).

Apical foramen

Opening at the root tip where nerves and vessels enter.

Patient Record

Primary source of quality care info.

Medical History

Lists allergies, surgeries, and medications.

Progress Notes

Chronological record of procedures where treatments are recorded (e.g., Composite placed on #30 MO, anesthetized with $2\%$ lidocaine).

Treatment Plan

Outline of proposed work based on exam findings.

Medical Alert

Alert for critical patient conditions, such as allergy to latex or penicillin, diabetes, or history of heart valve replacement (which requires premedication).

Aorta

The largest artery in the human body; carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

Radial Artery

An artery located on the thumb side of the forearm, commonly used to measure pulse.

Carotid Artery

One of the two major arteries on each side of the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face.

Brachial Artery

Major artery of the upper arm, used primarily when measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer.

Sphygmomanometer

Cuff used to measure blood pressure in the arteries.

Tympanic Device

Device used to measure ear temperature (quick but less reliable if earwax is present).

Rectal Temperature Site

Site where temperature is taken via the rectum; gives the most accurate core body temperature.

Tympanic Temperature Site

Site where temperature is taken in the ear canal using an infrared sensor.

Oral Temperature Site

Site where temperature is taken in the mouth, typically under the tongue.

Axillary Temperature Site

Site where temperature is taken in the armpit; typically gives the lowest reading compared to other sites (approx. $1^\circ\text{F}$ lower).

Class I Decay

Decay found in pits and fissures (occlusal of molars).

Class II Decay

Decay found on the interproximal surfaces of posterior teeth.

Class III Decay

Decay found on the interproximal surfaces of anterior teeth (not incisal).

Class IV Decay

Decay found on the interproximal surfaces of anterior teeth plus the incisal edge.

Class V Decay

Decay found on the gingival third of facial or lingual surfaces.

Class VI Decay

Decay found on incisal edges or cusp tips.

Mobility Grade 0

Normal tooth mobility.

Mobility Grade 1

Slight movement ($< 1\,\text{mm}$).

Mobility Grade 2

Moderate movement.

Mobility Grade 3

Severe movement ($> 1\,\text{mm}$ or vertical displacement).

Amalgam

Durable posterior filling material composed of silver, tin, copper, and zinc, mixed equally with mercury.

Glass Ionomer

Restorative material that releases fluoride to help prevent recurrent decay; ideal for class V restorations and root surfaces.

IRM

Intermediate Restorative Material used for temporary restorations or sedative filling with eugenol.

Zinc oxide-eugenol Type I

Temporary cement mixed on a glass slab.

Zinc Phosphate

Provisional cement provided in powder/liquid form.

Glass Ionomer Type I

Cement used for metal restorations and orthodontic brackets, mixed on an oil-resistant paper pad or pre-mixed cartridge.

Alginate

Impression material with a working time of ~$2\,\text{minutes}$ (Normal Set) and a shelf-life of $1\,\text{year}$ if sealed, dry, and cool.

Model Plaster (Type II)

Also known as Plaster of Paris; used for study models with a water ratio of $45\text{--}50\,\text{ml}/100\,\text{g}$.

Dental Stone (Type III)

Gypsum product used for working casts with a water ratio of $30\text{--}32\,\text{ml}/100\,\text{g}$.

High-Strength Stone (Type IV)

Gypsum product used for dies for crowns with a water ratio of $19\text{--}24\,\text{ml}/100\,\text{g}$.

Vibrator

Lab equipment used to remove air bubbles from materials.

Lathe

Lab equipment used to polish acrylics and dentures.

Articulator

Lab equipment used to simulate jaw movement.

Distal

Tooth surface directional term meaning away from midline.

Mesial

Tooth surface directional term meaning toward midline.

Buccal

Tooth surface that faces the cheek (posterior).

Lingual

Tooth surface that faces the tongue.

Occlusal

Biting surface of molars.

Incisal

Biting edge of anterior teeth.

Mastication

Chewing, cutting, tearing, and grinding.

Deglutition

Swallowing.

Primary Dentition

First set of teeth consisting of $20$ teeth (has no premolars).

Mixed Dentition

Stage of dentition occurring between ~$6\text{--}12\,\text{years}$ of age.

Permanent Dentition

Also known as secondary dentition; consists of $32$ teeth.

Maxillary Arch

Fixed upper jaw arch.

Mandibular Arch

Movable lower jaw arch.

Midline

Imaginary line dividing the left and right side of the mouth.