Bacterial Disease - Streptococcus

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) (Streptococcus pyogenes), Group B, Viridans strep, Enterococcus, and S. pneumonia

What are the types of Streptococcus?

Humans

What is the reservoir for Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus?

asymptomatic

Carriers of GABHS (Group A strep) can often be...

Antibiotics such as penicillin or nafcillin and occasionally surgical debridement

What is the treatment for GABHS?

Beta-lactamase resistant penicillin

What is nafcillin?

Pharyngitis (strep throat), skin infections, arthritis, pneumonia, and empyema

What are some different types of GABHS infections?

Cellulitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, and toxic shock syndrome

What are some common GABHS skin infections?

GABHS

What is the most common cause of cellulitis in the U.S.?

Lymphangitis and erysipelas

What are two common cellulitis infections caused by GABHS?

Lymphangitis

What is common in lymphedema, chronic stasis, and vascular grafts?

Erysipelas

Type of cellulitis (somewhat) characterized by painful muscular rash frequently found on the face

Impetigo

Focal, vesicular, pustular lesion with thick amber-colored crust ("stuck on appearance")

Poor hygiene and malnutrition

What increases impetigo?

flesh eating bacteria

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by GABHS that are called...

Necrotizing

Causing death of tissues

Fasciitis

Inflammation of fascia

deep subcutaneous; fascia; fat

Necrotizing fasciitis is a _______________ infection that destroys ____________ and _______________

rare; rapidly; high

Necrotizing fasciitis is common/rare, spreads slowly/rapidly, and has a high/low mortality

Bacteremia following deep soft tissue infection

What is toxic shock syndrome?

prodrome; minor trauma, surgery, or varicella

Toxic shock syndrome typically has a viral-like ___________ and a history of...

abrupt; severe pain

Toxic shock syndrome has a abrupt/gradual onset with...

Violaceous/blue vesicular/bullous rash

What are ominous signs of toxic shock syndrome?

Sepsis, bacteremia, and meningitis

What do Group B Streptococci cause in neonates?

Antepartum screening

What is done to prevent Group B Streptococci infections in neonates?

oral flora

Viridans streptococcus is known to part of normal...

native valve endocarditis

Viridans streptococcus is the leading cause of...

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium

What are two types of Enterococcus (Group D strep)?

life-threatening; nosocomial

Enterococcus cause ______________ infections, especially if they are ________________

Endocarditis, bacteremia, UTIs, meningitis, and intra-abdominal and pelvic infections

What do Enterococci cause?

Root canal patients

Enterococcus infections are also common in what kinds of patients?

encapsulated; positive; diplococcus; pairs

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an unencapsulated/encapsulated gram positive/negative _____________ (shape/arrangement) found in ______________

Pneumonia, meningitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, and otitis media

What major diseases does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia

What is Streptococcus pneumoniae the most common cause of?