Unit 1, 2, 3, 4 Kinesiology notes for exam

What is Kinesiology?

The systematic study of physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects of human movement.

What are the anatomical planes?

Transverse, sagittal, and frontal (coronal) planes that divide the body into segments.

What is Kinesiology?

The systematic study of physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects of human movement.

What are the anatomical planes?

Transverse, sagittal, and frontal (coronal) planes that divide the body into segments.

What does the transverse plane divide the body into?

Superior (top) and inferior (bottom) segments.

What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?

Left and right segments.

What does the frontal (coronal) plane divide the body into?

Anterior (front) and posterior (back) segments.

What is the anatomical position?

Upright position with feet forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.

What is an agonist muscle?

The muscle primarily responsible for the movement of a body part.

What is an antagonist muscle?

The muscle that counteracts the agonist muscle, lengthening as the agonist contracts.

List the types of muscle tissues.

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle.

What is the function of the skeletal muscle tissue?

Helps us move and is consciously controlled by the brain.

What are the four major functions of bones?

Support, movement, blood supply, and protection.

What is the role of cartilage in joints?

To reduce friction and provide cushioning between bones.

What is osteoporosis?

A medical condition where bones become weak and brittle due to a decrease in bone mass.

How do bones remodel?

Through the action of osteoclasts (which break down bone) and osteoblasts (which build bone).

What defines a greenstick fracture?

An incomplete fracture where one side of the bone is fractured and the other side is bent.

What occurs during a complete tear (third-degree sprain) of a ligament?

A complete rupture with a significant loss of strength and range of motion.

What is the skeletal muscle pump?

The mechanism that aids in the return of blood to the heart through muscle contractions.

What comprises the cardiovascular system?

The heart, blood vessels, and blood.

What are the two types of respiration?

External respiration (gas exchange in lungs) and internal respiration (gas exchange at the tissue level).

What is tidal volume (TV)?

The volume of air inhaled/exhaled normally at rest.

What is the role of the sinoatrial node (SA node)?

It initiates electrical signals in the heart and is known as the pacemaker.

What is VO2 max?

The maximum amount of oxygen that our muscle tissues can extract and utilize from the blood.

Define the cognitive stage of motor learning.

The initial stage where an individual gains basic knowledge of how to perform a task.

What is the associative stage of motor learning?

The stage where the learner becomes more aware of their mistakes and begins to refine skills.

What is the autonomous stage of motor learning?

The stage where movement becomes automatic and the individual has mastered the skill.

What are fundamental movement skills (FMS)?

Basic skills that form the foundation for more complex skills and promote physical literacy.

Discipline of Kinesiology

exercise physiology and anatomy, biomechanics, historical aspects of sport, fitness training

Twin problem of physical inactivity and obesity

sedentarism and poor diet underlay the twin problems