BIO EXAM 2 - TOPIC 7

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6 Terms

1
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What is the basic function of mitosis? Briefly explain the steps of mitosis.

  • Basic function of Mitosis: two identical sister chromatids separate and are placed into separate nuclei - nuclear cell division

    • Steps:

      • Prophase: DNA condenses into sister chromatids.

      • Metaphase: nucleus is dismantled

      • Anaphase: sister chromatids line up and are separated

      • Telophase: a new nucleus is built around each set of chromosomes

2
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What is the function of meiosis? Briefly explain the steps of meiosis.

  • Basic function of Meiosis: used by animals to make gametes which perform fertilization in sexual reproduction

    • Steps: 

      • Meiosis 1 - separates sister chromatids from their homologs as one cell divides into two.

      • Meiosis 2 - separate sister chromatids from each other as the two cells divide into four cells.

3
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Consider a bird with 30 chromosomes in each body cell. If one of those body cells divides, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell? How many chromosomes are in each of the bird’s gametes (i.e., sex cells)? How many chromosomes will the body cells of the bird’s son have?

30 chromosomes in each daughter cell. 15 in each gamete. 30 chromosomes in the body cell.

4
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List and describe the 4 sources of genetic variation. Why is genetic variation so important from a biological perspective?

  • 1). Mutation: errors in DNA replication

  • 2). Crossing-over: occurs after homologs touch and then swap sections of chromosome (requirement for meiosis!!).

  • 3). Segregation: separation and movement of homologous chromosomes to different cells.

    • & Independent Assortment: when homologous pairs separate and each gamete gets one of each chromosome pairs (random).

4). Sexual Reproduction: union of two specialized cells (gametes).

5
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  1. Briefly describe 2 ways in which meiosis and mitosis are similar. Briefly describe 2 ways in which they are different.

  • Similar: create daughter cells and split sister chromatids

  • Different: Mitosis has 4 steps and creates 2 cells, while meiosis has 2 steps and creates 4 cells.

6
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Why does DNA replication always precede mitosis? Why does DNA condense into coiled-up chromosomes prior to mitosis?

  • Without replication there would only be DNA for one daughter cell.

  • DNA coils up so that it can be easily lined up and split.