Functional Groups // AP BIO

Hydroxyl group

-OH
Hydrophilic, can form hydrogen bonds

increases solubility of compounds

alcohols

Carbonyl group

>C=O
Hydrophillic, can hydrogen bond, polar charges

Ketones, Aldehydes

Carboxyl Group

-COOH

hydrophillic, highly polar, acidic, strong hydrogen bonds, donates protons

Carboxylic acids (organic acids)

Amino group

NH₂

hydrophillic, basic (accepts protons), forms h.b.

amino acids

Sulfhydryl group

-SH

Moderate hydrophillic, less polar than hydroxyl, forms disulfide bonds

proteins

Phosphate group

-PO₄^3-

^{hydrophillic, strongly polar, negative charge, water}

^{ATP, neucleotides (DNA, RNA, nucleic acids)}

Methyl group

-CH₃

_{hydrophobic, nonpolar, cannot form hydrogen bonds, decreases solubility}

_{methylated compounds}

Functional group

groups that affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions

which group is always polar?

hydroxyl

which group determines the two groups of sugars?

carbonyl

which group has acidic properties?

carboxyl

which group acts as a base to attract protons?

amino

which group can form cross-links that stabilize protein structure?

sulfhydryl

which group is a component of atp?

phosphate

which group is nonpolar/ hydrophobic?

methyl

which group is a part of ethanol?

hydroxyl

which group is a part of ketones?

carbonyl

which group is a part of acetic acid?

carboxyl

which GROUPS are a part of glycine?

amino and carboxyl

which group is a part of cysteine?

sulfhydryl

glycerol

alcohol found in triglycerides