Locomotor Anatomy 4: Hindlimb Anatomy Demo

BONES SECTION

BONES SECTION

IDENTIFY and CLASSIFY these hindlimb bones

Left to Right:

1. Femur - long bone

2. Phalanges - long bones

3. Pelvis - Flat bone

4. Fibula - Long bone

IDENTIFY and CLASSIFY these hindlimb bones

Left to Right:

1. Tarsal bones - short bones

2. Tibia - long bone

3. Metatarsals - long bones

4. Patella and Fabellae - sesamoid bones

Note the following features using the picture:

- Wing of ilium 

- Body of ilium 

- Dorsal iliac crest/spine

- Pubis

- Ischium 

- Tuber ischium 

- Obturator foramen 

- Acetabulum

- Pelvic symphysis

- Ischiatic arch 

*add picture with all of these labelled

Which of these features is palpable?

- Wing of ilium 

- Body of ilium 

- Dorsal iliac crest/spine

- Pubis

- Ischium 

- Tuber ischium 

- Obturator foramen 

- Acetabulum

- Pelvic symphysis

- Ischiatic arch 

1. Tuber Ischium

2. Dorsal iliac crest

What passes through the obturator foramen in the live animal?

Obturator Nerve

True or False: The obturator nerve provides supply to abductor muscles of the hindlimb?

False

Which structures originate on the tuber ischium?

A. Caudal thigh muscles

B. Cranial thigh muscles

C. Caudal tibial muscles

D. Cranial tibial muscles

Caudal thigh muscles

Which nerve supplies the caudal thigh muscle?

A. Femoral nerve

B. Obturator nerve

C. Radial nerve

D. Sciatic Nerve

Sciatic Nerve

Note the following features using the picture:

- Head

- Neck 

- Greater trochanter

- Body

- Medial trochlear ridge

- Lateral trochlear ridge

- Trochlear groove

- Medial condyle 

- Lateral condyle 

- Intercondylar fossa 

Put picture with labels

Which of these features are palpable?

- Head

- Neck 

- Greater trochanter

- Body

- Medial trochlear ridge

- Lateral trochlear ridge

- Trochlear groove

- Medial condyle 

- Lateral condyle 

- Intercondylar fossa 

Greater trochanter

Note the following features using the picture:

Tibia: 

- Plateau 

- Medial condyle

- Lateral condyle 

- Intercondylar ridge

- Tibial crest 

- Tibial tuberosity 

- Medial malleolus 

put labeled pictured

Which of these features are palpable on the Tibia?

1. Medial Malleolus

2. Tibial Tuberosity

3. Tibial Crest

Note the following features using the picture:

Fibula: 

- Head

- Shaft

- Lateral malleolus 

put labeled picture

Which of these features are palpable on the Fibula?

- Head

- Shaft

- Lateral malleolus 

Lateral Malleolus

What attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

A. Biceps femoris

B. Gluteal muscles

C. Gracillis muscle

D. Quadriceps tendon of insertion 

Quadriceps tendon of insertion

What is the function of the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps (aka patellar ligament)?

A. Extension of stifle

B. Flexion of stifle

C. Limb protraction

D. Limb retraction

Extension of stifle

Name all of the hotspots of the bones of the canine tarsal and metatarsal bones.

Name all of the hotspots of the bones of the canine tarsal and metatarsal bones.

Which important structure inserts onto the calcanean tuberosity?

Common calcanean tendon (Achilles tendon)

JOINTS SECTION

JOINTS SECTION

Locate the hindlimb joints on the images

Which aspect of each joint is the flexor angle on?

Hip Joint - cranial

Stifle - caudal

Tarsus/Hock - cranial

Metatarsophalangeal joint - caudal

Why does flexion of the hip result in protraction of the limb and extension of the hip result in retraction?

The sacroiliac joint is fixed therefore the hip is the first joint in the hindlimb where movement is possible. 

Note the hotspots on the pelvis and sacrum

What range of movement is possible at the sacroiliac joint?

None - it is a fixed joint

Which structures does the sacrotuberous ligament run between?

Sacrum (S3) and tuber ischium

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A. Cartilagenous 

B. Fibrous 

C. Synovial 

Fibrous

How many sacral vertebrae are there in a dog?

3

The hip is a ball and socket joint. Use the hotspots to locate major features of the hip articulation.

Which movement of these structures articulate together to allow movement at the hip joint?

lunate surface and femoral head

What attaches around the edge of the lunate surface in the live animal?

Labrum (cartilage lip extending around the acetabulum to better enclose the head of the femur in the acetabulum)

What occupies the acetabular notch in life?

a transverse ligament completes the lunate surface ventrally

What range of movement is possible at the hip joint of the dog?

1. Flexion

2. Extension

3. Abduction

4. Adduction

True or False: The hip joint is a synovial joint with no collateral ligaments

True

What provides stability to the hip joint in the absence of collateral ligaments?

large surrounding muscle mass

What other structure helps retain the femoral head in the acetabulum? What structures does this attach to?

Ligament of the head of the femur - runs from the acetabular fossa to the fovea of the head of the femur

This image indicates the boney landmarks that we can use to determine if a hip joint is dislocated

If normal, the greater trochanter, dorsal iliac crest and tuber ischium should form a symmetrical triangle on both sides of the pelvis