World Civilizations I Midterms - Handouts and Notes
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Where did the Minoans live?
Crete
What were the Minoans known for?
Labyrinth palace at Knossos
When did the Minoans flourish?
2700-1450 BC
Who were the Mycenaeans?
Indo-Europeans from central Asia who intermarried with native Hellenes on mainland Greece
Whose culture did the Mycenaeans adopt?
Minoan
When did the Mycenaeans flourish?
1900-1100 BC
Who discovered Troy in 1873?
Heinrich Schliemann
Who were the Dorians?
Hellenes who came to Greece from the north
What weakened the Mycenaeans?
Infighting
When were the Dark Ages?
1100-800 BC
Where did Dorian refugees flee to?
Ionia
Who established the Xia Dynasty?
Yu the Great
What was the longest-lasting dynasty (790 years)?
Zhou
What is feudalism?
Nobles control land
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
Royal authority comes from heaven, but is temporary.
Describe the Dynastic Cycle.
New dynasty brings peace.
Dynasty is unfair.
Dynasty loses Mandate.
Natural problems occur.
Coup occurs.
What was the Warring States Period?
The states of China were at war with each other?
Describe philosophy during the Warring States Period.
Philosophers developed solutions to restore the values of harmony, social order, and respect for authority.
What was Confucianism?
Social order, good government, and harmony
What are the 5 relationships?
Ruler and people, father and son, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, friend and friend
Who founded Daoism?
Lao Tzu
What is Daoism?
Live simply and in harmony with nature; follow “the way”
What are the two important concepts of Daoism?
Wu wei; yin and yang
Who founded Legalism?
Han Fei
What is Legalism?
Strict laws, harsh punishments, strong government
Who founded the Persian empire?
Cyrus the Great
What religion was Persia?
Zoroastrian
Who is the leader of the Peloponnesian League?
Sparta
Who is the leader of the Delian League?
Athens
Who rebelled against Persia to gain independence?
Ionian Greeks
What was the first Persian invasion on Greece called?
Battle of Marathon
Who won the Battle of Marathon?
Greece
What was significant about the second Persian invasion?
It was the largest army ever assembled.
Who led the first Persian invasion?
Darius
Who led the second Persian invasion?
Xerxes
Who led the Spartans at the second Persian invasion?
Leonidas
How long did Leonidas hold off the Persians?
1 Week
Who won the Battle of Salamis?
Athenian navy
Who won the Battle of Plataea?
Athenian and Spartan hoplites
Why did Athens lose the Peloponnesian War?
Plague
Which Spartan general defeated the Athenians?
Lysander
After being taken over by Sparta, who ruled Athens?
Thirty Tyrants
Who conquered all of Greece except Sparta?
Philip II of Macedon
Who founded the Qin Dynasty and united China?
Qin Shi Huang
What government was the Qin?
Legalist Autocracy
Under which dynasty was the Great Wall built?
Qin
Which Qin emperor ruled for three years?
Qin Er Shi
What type of policies did the Han have?
Confucian
Which Han emperor led China to its Golden Age through conquest?
Emperor Wu
What were the Civil Service Exams?
Exams that tested knowledge of Confucian ideas
What was the Silk Road?
Trade route from China to the Mediterranean and Europe
What is the name of the peninsula that Greece is a part of?
Peloponnesian
What body of water supported Ancient Greece?
Mediterranean Sea
Which direction is Mount Olympus to most Ancient Greek city-states?
North
Which direction is the Aegean Sea to the main Greek city-states?
East
Which direction is Athens to Sparta?
South
Where is Rhodes to the Aegean Sea?
Southeast