Cells and organs of the immune system

MICI 3115

Immune Cell Deficiencies occur when theres a lack of _______

B Cells, T cells NK cells

Lack of B cells

BACTERIAL infection of lungs sinuses ears

Lack of T cells

FUNGAL infection of digestive tract of AND failure to THRIVE(lack of growth and development in kids)

Lack of NK cells

Viral infection. HERPES STRAINS

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF SENTINEL CELLS, and where do they reside

Location: Sentinel cells reside in bodily tissues

Functions: responsible for the EARLY polarization of the immune response;

They detect antigens and secrete cytokines AND chemokines to alert _immune cells and molecules. They are responsible for the phagocytosis of antigens, resulting in the elimination of antigens

FUNCTION AND LOCATION: Circulating/ready-made effector cells

which functions overlap with the functions of sentinel cells

Location: lymphoid tissues or circulated

Function:

OVERLAP: direct detection of antigens, production of cytokines AND chemokines to alert immune cells, phagocytosis (and pinocytosis of pathogens), antigen presentation

New: memory and the production of antibodies (later than sentinels) polarization of immune responses. They alert the immune system with CHREMOKINES aswell

WHAT IS HEMATOPOESIS

WHAT ARE THE 3 LINEAGES(including sub lineage)

Hematopoiesis is the proliferation of different cell types depending on the location of the cells in the tissue

THREE lineages are—→

ERYTHROPOIESIS- development into erythrocytes red blood cells.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS - the production of white blood cells,

lymphopoiesis(lymphocytes) -T and B cells, NKT NK cells

-monopoiesis(monocytes) : macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes

Granulopoiesis (production of granulocytes): basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils

PLATELETS: Thrombopoesis

LOCATION OF HEMATOPOESIS of infants and adults

Infant: bone marrow and all bones

Adults: bone marrow,skull,sacrum,vertebrae,pelvis, ends of femurs

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BONE MARROW

S- Stromal cells

H- Hematopoietic growth factors

E-Extracellular matrix

Haemopoietic Growth Factors , how are they produced, funtion

produced by stromal cells, these growth factors re given to immobile stem cells

Stromal cells Function and location (+ 3 examples)

Function: scaffolding support, growth factors, adhesion molecules for differentiation and nutrients

Examples:

Nerves

Endothelial

Osteoblasts

Macrophage

Perivascular

Extracellular Matrix function in bone marrow

provides attchment for stemcells and hematopoetic progenitor cells

leukocytes diffrentiate from where?

leukocytes differentiate from haematopoietic stem cells

What kinds of cells exist within the myeloid lineage

GRANULOCYTES: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells

MONOCYTES: monocytes, macrophage, dendritic cells

where do T and B lymphocytes originate from and migrate

T lymphocytes: bone marrow to thymus

B lymphocytes: stay in bone marrow

what occurs in response to growth/stimulating /tissue resident factors

these factors result in maturation, activation induced differentiation

What influences what a cell becomes (how does the cell know)

Environmental factors trigger transcription factors for ON or OFF signals.

these signals develop from the HSC (hematopoietic stem cell)

What does IKAROS do

activates lymphocyte differentiation

How is high pluripotency controlled

PU1 Low=

PU1 high +

Low - Lymphoid

High - Myeloid