Unit 8 history

What is Industrialization?

Economic shift from agriculture to industries.

What is Cottage Industry?

When food and clothes were made in the home; this was replaced by the factory system.

What is a Steam Engine?

New engine made that ran on steam and allowed for increased industrial production and transportation technologies.

What is the Factory system?

Goods were made in a factory with an assembly line; more efficient and cheaper than cottage industry.

What is Urbanization?

The movement of people from rural to urban areas.

What is Capitalism?

An economic system based on private ownership and profit motive.

What does Capital mean?

Money or profit.

What is Socialism?

Economic system characterized by government ownership of some means of production, and private ownership of other businesses.

What is Communism?

An economic system characterized by government ownership of all means of production, focused on sharing the wealth and eliminating classes.

Who are the Bourgeoisie?

Middle-upper class that managed and owned factories.

What is Mercantilism?

Economic system in which governments prioritized maximizing exports and minimizing imports.

What is a Free enterprise system?

An economic system emphasizing minimal government interventions in the economy.

What is the Invisible hand?

The way that a free market economy regulates itself, without government intervention.

What does Laissez-faire mean?

“Leave it alone”; used to support free-enterprise and minimal government intervention in the economy.

Who is the Proletariat?

Lower, working class.

What is Imperialism?

When a country exerts control or influence over another country.

What is Nationalism?

The belief that your country is better than another.

What is a Protectorate?

A state that’s controlled by another country, but still remains independent.

What is a Colony?

A state that’s controlled by another distant country, usually with settlers from the mother country, and the colony has no control over its internal affairs.

What is Social Darwinism?

A form of scientific racism used to justify imperialism, claiming that Europeans were biologically superior to their colonists.

What is the Suez Canal?

Waterway that connected Mediterranean Sea to Indian Ocean, saving a trip all around Africa.

What is White Man’s Burden?

The belief that it was Europeans’ duty or burden to save the 'less civilized' in the countries they colonized.

What was the Berlin Conference?

A conference where European countries divided up Africa into colonies without African representation.

What was the Scramble for Africa?

The rapid imperialism that followed as European countries quickly took control of African colonies to exploit their resources.

What is Manifest Destiny?

The belief that it was inevitable and divinely ordained for the US to expand westward to the Pacific.