2025 Early Republic Study Guide (unit 5 and 6)

National Debt

From the Revolution, $77 Million Dollars

Tariff

A tax on imported goods, 3rd part of Hamilton plan, not passed by Congress

Assumption of Debt

The United States government would take on all state debt after the revolution

The Dinner Party Compromise

The Southern states agreed to the Assumption plan and the nation's capital would be in the South. 

Bank of the United States

Part of Hamilton's plan, allowed US currency to develop etc.

The French Revolution

peasant uprising in France, overthrow of the monarchy, arguments about which side to support

Neutrality

policy of not taking sides. 

Federalists

party of Adams/Hamilton, business centric, support England

Democratic Republicans (Republicans)

party of Jefferson/Madison, support France

XYZ Affair

Adams sends 3 delegates to France to avoid war, France sends three men (X,Y,Z) to demand a bribe before they would meet with the US

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

French Foreign Minister, responsible for XYZ and also negotiated the Louisiana Purchase.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Emperor of France, agreed to Louisiana Purchase

Alien and Sedition Acts

Adams attempt to control immigration and speech against the government, violated Free Speech

“Midnight Judges”

Federalist judges appointed at the last minute of his presidency by Adams, in an attempt to stack the judiciary with Federalists.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson's election to the presidency, results in the 12th amendment

Laissez-faire

Jefferson administration policy towards the economy, translates to "hands-off"

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson's attempt to negotiate use of the Mississippi River results in a massive land purchase from France.

Lewis and Clark Expedition (Corps of Discovery)

Sent by Jefferson to explore the newly purchased Louisiana territory, gone for two years. Mapped land, established relations with Native Americans, discovered plants and animals.

Marbury v. Madison

Marbury sued for his federal job, did not receive it, established the policy of judicial review.

Judicial Review

Supreme Court's ability to decide whether or not a law is unconstitutional

The Barbary Pirates

Pirates from Barbary Coast along Africa, stealing from and enslaving Americans, first offensive naval action

Embargo

Jefferson's attempt to punish England and France by refusing to trade with them, devastated the American economy.

Impressment-

England and France forcing American sailors onto English/French ships against their will. 

War Hawks

Members of the House of Reps who supported war with Britain

Star Spangled Banner

poem by Francis Scott Key, while on a British ship, became the national anthem.

Burning of Washington

British strategy, burned White House, Capitol Building,

Andrew Jackson

leader of American forces at Battle of NO

Battle of New Orleans

British attempt to capture the port of NO, after the war had ended in Belgium

Treaty of Ghent-

Ended the War of 1812, JQ Adams involved.

Indian Removal Act

Law passed allowing the government to remove Native American tribes from their land and move them.

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina votes to ignore federal law installing a tariff, saying it was null and void

Worcester vs Georgia

Supreme Court case confirming Cherokee right to stay on their land, ignored by Jackson

Trail of Tears

The forced march of primarily the Cherokee from the Southeast to Oklahoma

Bank War

Jackson's attempt to decertify the Bank of the United States