Chapter 13 Vocab Respiratory System

Anatomy and physiology

Nares

Another name for nostrils

Pharynx

Muscular passageway about 13 cm connecting to esophagus

Respiratory Mucosa

Rest of the mucosa lining the nasal cavity

Esophagus

Muscular tube that carries food from Pharynx to Stomach

Conchae

Three mucosa-covered thin scroll like projections in the nasal cavity

Larynx

(Voice Box) Hollow muscular organ located between the trachea & pharynx

Thyroid Cartilage

Largest of Hyaline cartilages, shield shaped, known as the Adam’s Apple

Epiglottis

Spoon flap of elastic cartilage

Vocal Folds

Larynx pair of folds which vibrate with expelled air

Glottis

Slitlike passageway between the vocal folds

Trachea

(Windpipe) Tube with rings of cartilage extending from Larynx to the bronchial tubes

Ciliated Mucosa

Line Trachea

Main Bronchi

Primary bronchi, formed by division of the trachea

Pulmonary Pleura

Covers the lung surface (also known as Visceral pleura)

Parietal Pleura

Lines the walls of thoracic cavity

Pleura Space

Potential space between the two layers of pleura (Parietal & Pulmonary)

Bronchioles

Smallest conducting passageways in the lungs

Alveoli

Small cavity or small air sacs in the lungs

Respiratory Membrane

Air blood barrier between Alveolar & capillary walls

Alveolar Macrophages

Dust cells that pick up bacteria, carbon particles & debris in Alveoli

External Intercostals

A layer of muscles located between the ribs, specifically the intercostal spaces

Internal Intercostals

A layer of muscles situated between the ribs that assist in expiration

Intrapleural Pressure

Normal pressure within pleural space, is negative

Tidal Volume

Normal breathing about 500 mL in & out

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Air that can forcibly take in above tidal volume about 3,100 mL

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Amount of air than can forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal volume

Residul Volume

Air remaining in the lungs after expiration cannot be removed from exhaling

Vital Capacity

Total amount of exchangeable air

Functional Volume

Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone & contributes to gas exchange

Dead Space Volume

Air that never reaches the alveoli to participate in gas exchange with in the lungs

Bronchial Sounds

Produced by air rushing through the Trachea & Bronchi

Vesicular Breathing Sounds

Air filling the Alveoli

Hypoxia

Deficiency in amount of oxygen deliver to body tissues

Cyanotic

Blueish discoloration of the skin from poor circulation/inadequate oxygenation of the blood

Eupnea

Normal respirations 12-15 respirations

Hyperpnea

Pattern of increased volume of air taken because brain sends more impulses to respiratory muscles