EKG - GERO495

•Coronary artery disease (CAD) results from 

decreased myocardial perfusion that causes angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and/or heart failure.

•Cerebrovascular disease (CVD),

including stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA)

•Peripheral artery disease (PAD),

involving the limbs that may result in claudication

The cardiovascular system permits blood to circulate and transport

, electrolytes waste products, hormones, formed elements of the blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets), modulate the immune response, and maintaining homeostasis.

The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system)

delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.

The main artery is called (aorta)

– branches into large arteries, which lead to smaller and smaller vessels.

The smallest arteries end in a network of

tiny vessels known as the capillary network.

The pulmonary circulation

•is where the oxygen we breathe in enters the blood and carbon dioxide is released from the blood.

•The systemic circulation

system which provides organs, tissues and cells with blood so that they get oxygen and other vital substances.

•Cone-shaped organ

about the size of a loosefist, •In the mediastinum

•Extends from the level of the second rib toabout the level of the sixth rib

•Slightly left of the midline

The heart is bordered:

•Laterally by the lungs

•Posteriorly by the vertebral column

•Anteriorly by the sternum

•Rests on the diaphragm inferiorly

Pericardium

•Covers the heart and large blood vesselsattached to the heart

•Parietal pericardium

–Layer on top of the visceral pericardium

Heart walls:

–Epicardium

•Outermost layer

•Fat to cushion heart

–Myocardium

•Middle layer

•Primarily cardiac muscle

–Endocardium

•Innermost layer

•Thin and smooth

•Stretches as the heart pumps

T

Bicuspid Valve

connects LA & ventricle

Tricuspid Valve 

•connects the right atrium and ventricle

Pulmonary valve

•connects the right  ventricle and the pulmonaryartery

Aortic valve

connects the left ventricle and the aorta

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

–Wall of the right atrium

–Generates impulse

–Natural pacemaker

–Sends impulse to AV node

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

–Between atria just above ventricles

–Atria contract

–Sends impulse to the bundle of His

Bundle of His

-Between ventricles

-Two branches

-Sends impulse to Purkinje fibers

Purkinje fibers

–Lateral walls of ventricles

–Ventricles contract