EKG - GERO495

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29 Terms

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•Coronary artery disease (CAD) results from 

decreased myocardial perfusion that causes angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and/or heart failure.

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•Cerebrovascular disease (CVD),

including stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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•Peripheral artery disease (PAD),

involving the limbs that may result in claudication

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The cardiovascular system permits blood to circulate and transport

, electrolytes waste products, hormones, formed elements of the blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets), modulate the immune response, and maintaining homeostasis.

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The blood circulatory system (cardiovascular system)

delivers nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.

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The main artery is called (aorta)

– branches into large arteries, which lead to smaller and smaller vessels.

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The smallest arteries end in a network of

tiny vessels known as the capillary network.

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The pulmonary circulation

•is where the oxygen we breathe in enters the blood and carbon dioxide is released from the blood.

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The systemic circulation

system which provides organs, tissues and cells with blood so that they get oxygen and other vital substances.

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Cone-shaped organ

about the size of a loosefist, In the mediastinum

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•Extends from the level of the second rib toabout the level of the sixth rib

Slightly left of the midline

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The heart is bordered:

•Laterally by the lungs

•Posteriorly by the vertebral column

•Anteriorly by the sternum

•Rests on the diaphragm inferiorly

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Pericardium

•Covers the heart and large blood vesselsattached to the heart

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Parietal pericardium

–Layer on top of the visceral pericardium

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Heart walls:

Epicardium

•Outermost layer

•Fat to cushion heart

Myocardium

•Middle layer

•Primarily cardiac muscle

Endocardium

•Innermost layer

•Thin and smooth

•Stretches as the heart pumps

T

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Bicuspid Valve

connects LA & ventricle

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Tricuspid Valve 

•connects the right atrium and ventricle

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Pulmonary valve

•connects the right  ventricle and the pulmonaryartery

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Aortic valve

connects the left ventricle and the aorta

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Sinoatrial node (SA node)

–Wall of the right atrium

–Generates impulse

–Natural pacemaker

–Sends impulse to AV node

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Atrioventricular node (AV node)

–Between atria just above ventricles

–Atria contract

–Sends impulse to the bundle of His

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Bundle of His

-Between ventricles

-Two branches

-Sends impulse to Purkinje fibers

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Purkinje fibers

–Lateral walls of ventricles

–Ventricles contract

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