Midterm HSCI 101 Lecture 12

Chiropractic medicine and Ergonomis

What is Chiropractic?

A healthcare system with a special focus on the musculoskeletal and nervous systema, and how those systems affect health in general.

What do Chiropractors do?

Treats back, neck and joint pain as well as headaches and more.

What is modality

• Spinal manipulation - the adjustment

  • An application of controlled force to the joints for the purpose of restoring mobility to joint which as become restricted in movement.

Examples of physiological therapeutics

Biofeedback, heat/cold, laser, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, vibratory therapy, instrument assisted

What do rehabilitation exercises focus on?

• Balance

• Core strength

What kind of nutritional counseling would a Chiropractor suggest?

• Botanicals

• Vitamin/mineral supplements

What kind dietary and lifestyle counseling would a chiropractor recommend?

• Diet recommendations

• Stress management

• Smoking cessation

• Physical activity

can chiropractors administer acupuncture?

yes

What is the “straight chiropractic” model

An approach in which only correlation of lesions in the vertebral column through spinal manipulation are addressed

What is the “mixing chiropractic” model

Reduction or elimination of disease and symptoms. Spinal manipulation may be used, as well as acupuncture, electrical stimulation, nutritional counseling, orthotics and ultrasound.

Educational requirements for chiropractic medicine

• A bachelor's degree or 90 semester hours needed for admission

• A ten trimester program generally organized in basic sciences, clinical sciences and clinical internship phases.

  • Basic sciences: anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and pathology

  • Clinical sciences: physical diagnosis, chiropractic technique, radiology, neurology and orthopedics.

  • Clinical internship: treating patients under the supervision of a clinician.

Chiropractic education

• Total hours: 4826

• Anatomy - Physiology: 540

• Pathology/geriatric/ped: 360

• Chemistry: 165

• Diagnosis/derm/EENT: 630

• Radiology: 360

• Obstetrics/gynecology: 60

Medical education

• Total hours: 4667

• Anatomy - Physiology: 508

• Pathology/geriatric/ped: 401

• Chemistry: 325

• Diagnosis/derm/EENT: 324

• Radiology: 148

• Obstetrics/gynecology: 148

What is Ergonomics

A discipline concerned with achieving an optimal relationship between workers and their work environment.

What is an Ergonomist?

Designs systems, work systems or product/service system, with the goal of optimizing human well-being & performance as well as product performance

Cumulative Trauma Disorder

musculoskeletal impairments associated with repeated mechanical trauma in the workplace

Tendon disorders

tendonitis and tenosynovitis

Muscle Disorders

 myalgia and trigger points

Nerve Disorders

carpal tunnel syndrome and Guyon canal syndrome

Vascular Disorders

 hand/arm vibration syndrome

Bursa Disorders

knee, elbow, and shoulder

Bone and cartilage disorder

osteoarthritis

Back injuries

• Chronic lumbar strain

• Herniated intervertebral disk

• Abnormal spinal curvature: scoliosis, kyphosis, hyper lordosis

Neck pain

Tension neck syndrome

Elbow injuries

• Tennis elbow

• Golfer’s elbow

Anthropometry

• The study of the dimensions and physical characteristics of the human body

  • Center of gravity, weights, volumes, lengths

  • Varies according to gender, race, age, ethnicity

  • Used to determine design dimensions

Causes of back injuries

• Overexertion in lifting, pushing, pulling activities

• Sudden and sharp lifting movements

• Extreme twisting

• Use of back muscles instead of leg muscles when lifting

• Poor posture

• Reaching above the shoulders

• Vertical vibrations

Strategies to prevent cumulative trauma disorders

• Redesign the job

• Job rotation

• Knee pads for kneeling tasks

• Tool should have proper grip size, handle length and cushioned handles

• Minimize vibrations and cold temperatures

• Alter work-rest schedule

Guidlines for workstation design

• Provide easy access

• Minimize pressure on the forearms

• Minimize pressure on legs and feet

• Avoiding awkward positions