POLYATOMICS (VERY IMPORTANT!)

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Last updated 10:44 PM on 7/27/26
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24 Terms

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ammonium

NH₄⁺

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hydroxide

OH⁻

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nitrate

NO₃⁻

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nitrite

NO₂⁻

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sulfate

SO₄²⁻

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sulfite

SO₃²⁻

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carbonate

CO₃²⁻

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bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate)

HCO₃⁻

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phosphate

PO₄³⁻

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acetate

C₂H₃O₂⁻

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cyanide

CN⁻

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hydronium

H₃O⁺

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permanganate

MnO₄⁻

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chromate

CrO₄²⁻

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dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

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peroxide

O₂²⁻

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hypochlorite

ClO⁻

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chlorite

ClO₂⁻

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chlorate

ClO₃⁻

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perchlorate

ClO₄⁻

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-ate vs -ite: what changes?

-ite has ONE FEWER oxygen; same charge (nitrate NO₃⁻ → nitrite NO₂⁻)

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per-…-ate means

one MORE oxygen than the -ate ion (perchlorate ClO₄⁻)

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hypo-…-ite means

one FEWER oxygen than the -ite ion (hypochlorite ClO⁻)

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Adding H to a polyatomic ion does what to the charge?

Removes one negative (carbonate CO₃²⁻ → bicarbonate HCO₃⁻)