Remembering events

Declarative Memory

Knowledge of events, facts, and concepts.

Non-declarative Memory

Skills and related procedural knowledge.

Episodic Memory

Recollection of events that took place at specific places and times in the past

Semantic Memory

Concerns factual and conceptual knowledge about the world

What was patient HM’s legacy?

Demonstrated that the hippocampus is essential for consolidating

short-term memory into long-term memory.

Recall

Retrieving information from memory without the help of external

cues or with minimal prompts.

Recognition

Identifying previously learned information from a set of options

provided to the participant.

Implicit biases

Unconscious attitudes and stereotypes that influence our

understanding, actions, and decisions.

Prospective memory

involves intending and remembering to take some action at a specific time

in the future.

Elaborative rehearsal

The process of linking new information in short-term memory with

existing knowledge already stored in long-term memory.

Maintenance rehearsal

The process of recycling information within short-term or working

memory.

Method of Loci

mnemonic strategy that uses familiar spatial

environments (like your home) to enhance the recall of

information.

Survival Processing advantage

Memory systems have evolved to prioritize information that is critical for survival and

reproduction.

Item processing

Focuses on the distinctiveness of individual items.

Relational processing

Focuses on the similarities and connections between items.

Encoding specificity principle

The effectiveness of a retrieval cue depends on how well it matches

the specific encoding operations performed during learning

Lexical Memory

representational system for words of our language

Hebbian principle

cells that fire together, wire together

Long-Term Potentiation

the enhanced firing of neurons after repeated

stimulation

Standard Model (hippocampus)

Hippocampus is only essential during the initial

stages of consolidation

Multiple Trace Hypothesis

Hippocampus continues to be important for the

retrieval of remote memories

Amyloid Plaques

Extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid protein that build up in the spaces between nerve cells

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Intracellular accumulations of tau protein that

form twisted fibers inside neurons