Quiz 2 unit 5 ap human geo

Bid-rent theory

describes different land costs for different types of agricultural activities; often a distance decay relationship between the proximity of the market

Labor intensive

a large farm that produces large quantities of vegetables and fruit, often relying on low-paid migrant workers, to tend and harvest crops.

Factory farming

a livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters, and bred and fed in a controlled environment

Aquaculture (aquafarming)

fish, shellfish, or other water organisms and raised in netted aea in the sea tanks, or other bodies of water

Double cropping

it the planting and harvesting of crops two or three times a year on the same piece of land.

Intercropping (multi-cropping)

is when farmers grow two or more crops simultaneously on the same feild

Monoculture

one crop is grown per season on a piece of land

Monocropping

is only growing one type of crop year after year

Feedlots

are confined spaces in which cattle and swine have limited movement. this cause the animal to grow quicker in a shorter time period

Agribusiness

highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership and the globalization of agriculture

Vertical integration

the ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of production of a particular good

Economies of scale

when there is an increase in efficiency to lower the unit-per unit production cost, resulting in greater profits

Carrying capacity

the maximum number of people an area can sustainably support, considering factors like food, water, and shelter availability

Cool chains

transport networks that keep food cool throughout a trip

Location theory

a component of economic geography that deals with why people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity

Von Thunen theory

an economic model that suggests a patter for the types of production that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the market

Horticulture

a type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming that is in the zone closest to the market

Bid-price cure (bid-rent curve)

can be used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the market as well as where each land use would end

Free-market economy

an economy based of the supply and demand not government policy determines the outcome of competition for land.

Comparative advantage

naturally occurring benefits like climate, and soil that give farmers and advantage for growing certain crops

Supply chain

the steps that are required to get a product to a customer

Luxury crops

a type of crop that isn’t essential to human survival but have a high profit margin

Neocolonialism

the use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies

Fairtrade movement infrastructure

it is an effort to promote higher incomes for producers and more sustainable farming practices by building roads, bridges, tunnels, ports, electrical grids, sewers, etc

Desertification

the alteration of the natural vegetation in arid areas causes fertile land to become infertile

Terrace farming

when farmers build a series of steps into the side of a hill

Irrigation

the process of applying amounts of water to crops using dams, canals, pipes, sprinklers etc rather than relying on just rainfall

Deforestation

the removal of large tracts of forest; the land is then used for farmland

Blue revolution

the fastest growing form of sea food production on the planet and responsible for the worlds seafood

Value-added farming

occurs when farmers process their crops into high value products rather that simply selling it as it comes from the field

Food insecurity

when households lack access to adequate food

Food desert

A neighborhood where residents have little to no access to healthy and affordable foods

Gender inequality

the unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based on gender

Gender-specific obstacles

when women face discriminatory practices that prevents female farmers from reaching their potential productivity