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What are the main parts of the heart?

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, tricuspid valve, bicuspid/mitral valve, pulmonary valve, aortic valve, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, interventricular septum, chordae tendineae, pericardium.

What is the pathway of blood through pulmonary circulation?

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium.

What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

Pulmonary = heart to lungs and back (oxygenate blood); Systemic = heart to body and back (deliver oxygen to tissues).

What is the oxygen content of blood in the right atrium/ventricle?

Poor.

What is the oxygen content of blood in the pulmonary artery?

Poor.

What is the oxygen content of blood in the pulmonary vein?

Rich.

Which side of the heart has oxygen-poor blood?

Right side.

Which side of the heart has oxygen-rich blood?

Left side.

What is the membrane that covers the heart?

Pericardium.

Which chambers receive blood from veins?

Atria.

Which chambers pump blood to arteries?

Ventricles.

Tricuspid/bicuspid valves are held by what string-like structure?

Chordae tendineae.

What is the muscular wall between the left and right sides of the heart called?

Interventricular septum.

What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve.

What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Bicuspid valve.

What is the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

Pulmonary valve.

What is the valve between the left ventricle and aorta?

Aortic valve.

What vessel brings blood to the right atrium?

Superior and inferior vena cava.

What vessel brings blood to the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins.

What vessel brings blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries.

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Carry blood away from the heart, thick walls, high pressure.

What are the characteristics of veins?

Carry blood to the heart, thin walls, valves, low pressure.

What is normal blood pressure?

120/80 mmHg.

What is systolic pressure?

Pressure during heart contraction.

What is diastolic pressure?

Pressure during heart relaxation.

What are the two electrical nodes of the heart and their locations?

SA node (right atrium), AV node (between atria and ventricles).

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure.

What is hypotension?

Low blood pressure.

What is systole?

Heart contraction.

What is diastole?

Heart relaxation.

What is cardiac output?

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

What is the formula for cardiac output?

CO = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume.

What is the normal cardiac output for an adult?

About 5 L/min.

What is stroke volume?

Amount of blood ejected per beat.

What is the formula to find stroke volume?

SV = End-diastolic volume - End-systolic volume.

What is a pulse?

Expansion of arteries due to heartbeat; only arteries have a pulse.