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Heart Anatomy
Q: Label all the parts of the heart
A: Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, tricuspid valve, bicuspid/mitral valve, pulmonary valve, aortic valve, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, interventricular septum, chordae tendineae, pericardium
Circulation Pathways
Q: What is the pathway of blood through pulmonary circulation?
A: Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
Q: Difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?
A: Pulmonary = heart to lungs and back (oxygenate blood); Systemic = heart to body and back (deliver oxygen to tissues)
Blood Oxygen Content
Q: Oxygen content of blood in each structure (rich/poor)?
A:
Right atrium/ventricle: poor
Pulmonary artery: poor
Lungs: gas exchange
Pulmonary vein: rich
Left atrium/ventricle: rich
Aorta: rich
Q: Which side of the heart has oxygen-poor blood?
A: Right side
Q: Which side of the heart has oxygen-rich blood?
A: Left side
Heart Structures & Function
Q: What is the membrane that covers the heart?
A: Pericardium
Q: Which chambers receive blood from veins?
A: Atria
Q: Which chambers pump blood to arteries?
A: Ventricles
Q: Tricuspid/bicuspid valves are held by what string-like structure?
A: Chordae tendineae
Q: What is the muscular wall between the left and right sides called?
A: Interventricular septum
Valves
Q: Valve between right atrium/right ventricle?
A: Tricuspid valve
Q: Valve between left atrium/left ventricle?
A: Bicuspid
Q: Which side of the heart has oxygen-poor blood?
A: Right side
Q: Which side of the heart has oxygen-rich blood?
A: Left side
Heart Structures & Function
Q: What is the membrane that covers the heart?
A: Pericardium
Q: Which chambers receive blood from veins?
A: Atria
Q: Which chambers pump blood to arteries?
A: Ventricles
Q: Tricuspid/bicuspid valves are held by what string-like structure?
A: Chordae tendineae
Q: What is the muscular wall between the left and right sides called?
A: Interventricular septumn
Valves
Q: Valve between right atrium/right ventricle?
A: Tricuspid valve
Q: Valve between left atrium/left ventricle?
A: Bicuspid
Q: Valve between right ventricle/pulmonary trunk?
A: Pulmonary valve
Q: Valve between left ventricle/aorta?
A: Aortic valve
Blood Vessels
Q: Vessel bringing blood to right atrium?
A: Superior and inferior vena cava
Q: Vessel bringing blood to left atrium?
A: Pulmonary veins
Q: Vessel bringing blood to lungs?
A: Pulmonary arteries
Vessel Characteristics
Q: Characteristics of arteries?
A: Carry blood away from the heart, thick walls, high pressure
Q: Characteristics of veins?
A: Carry blood to the heart, thin walls, valves, low pressure
Blood Pressure & Electrical Activity
Q: Normal blood pressure?
A: 120/80 mmHg
Q: Systolic?
A: Pressure during heart contraction
Q: Diastolic?
A: Pressure during heart relaxation
Q: Two electrical nodes of the heart and their locations?
A: SA node (right atrium), AV node (between atria and ventricles)
Key Definitions
Q: Hypertension?
A: High blood pressure
Q: Hypotension?
A: Low blood pressure
Q: Systole?
A: Heart contraction
Q: Diastole?
A: Heart relaxation
Cardiac Output & Pulse
Q: What is cardiac output?
A: Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Q: Formula for cardiac output?
A: CO = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
Q: Normal cardiac output for adult?
A: About 5 L/min
Q: What is stroke volume?
A: Amount of blood ejected per beat
Q: Formula to find stroke volume?
A: SV = End-diastolic volume - End-systolic volume
Q: What is a pulse?
A: Expansion of arteries due to heartbeat; only arteries have a pulse