Chem test protons

Alpha Decay

When a nucleus decays, emits alpha particle = 2 protons + 2 neutrons

Ernest Ruthuford

Beta decay

Electron is ejected from nucleus. Neutron converts to proton, extra negative charge is ejected

Ernest ruthuford

Gamma radiation

Energy being emitted. Happens all the time

Location of proton, neutron and electron

Proton- nucleus

Neutron- nucleus

Electrons- outside of nucleus

What is Democritus known for 

The point where matter could not be cut into any smaller pieces 

What are three tenets to Daltons theory

1. All substances are made of atoms 

2. All atoms of the same element are alike + have same mass/ atoms of different elements are different+ have different matter

3. Atoms join together to form compounds, always consisting of same kind of atom in the same ratio 

Daltons theory falls short where

Too simple; don’t include subatomic particles

What did Thomson theorize

He was the first to theorize the presence of electrons

Explain Thomson’s “cathode Ray experiment”

Particles were deflected away from negative charged 

What did Rutherford discover

The nucleus

Explain Rutherford’s “gold foil experiment”

1. Fired stream of alpha particles at sheet of pure gold 

2. Assumed the alpha particles would pass through( surprisingly didn’t happen)

3. Some of the alpha particles were deflected, positive charge must be concentrated

What Rutherford thought atoms look like

What does quantized mean

Only specific values are allowed

Bohr’s model is what

Electrons on outside and nucleus is on the inside

How did Bohr model include quantization in his atomic theory 

Suggested that electrons could orbit nucleus in specific orbits or shells. Can’t be located between shells

What is the Quantum mechanical model

Electrons act like particles and waves

Can identify where an electron has a high probability of being found 

Electron clouds-location of electrons 

What is an isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons 

Valence electron

Electrons found in the outermost shell or the highest energy level

The octet rule

Adams tend to gain/lose or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell, which usually means eight valence electrons

Formation of ions 

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electron resulting in a net elect charge

cation- a positively charged ion when it loses an electron 

anion- a negatively charged iron when it gains one or more electron

Where are metals, nonmetals, metalloids

Properties of metals and nonmetals

Metals- high melting point, solid at room tem except for mercury, ductile and malleable, magnet, can react with acid 

Nonmetals- insulator, brittle, dull

What is the law of definite proportions?

A chemical compound always contains the same elements in the exact same proportion by mass, regardless of the amount of source of the compound

My ass about 11% of hydrogen and 89% oxygen

What is the law of multiple proportions

Adams combine and whole number ratios supporting Dalton’s atomic theory