Comparative and International Politics

1st Dimension of Power

The ability to compel someone to act against their will.

2nd Dimension of Power

The ability to prevent actions, such as through law enforcement.

3rd Dimension of Power

The influence on how people perceive issues, often against their interests.

Normative Theory

A theory based on personal values and experiences, addressing how things should be.

Empirical (Positive) Theory

A theory based on facts and observable phenomena, evaluated through data and statistics.

Resource Curse

The phenomenon where wealth from a specific resource hinders development.

Democratic Peace Theory

The theory that democracies are less likely to engage in wars with each other.

Rational Choice Theory

The theory that individuals act in their self-interest.

Cultural Theories

Theories that emphasize the influence of culture and ideology on decisions.

Structural Theory

The theory that decisions are constrained by social status.

Institutional Theories

Theories that focus on how established rules and norms shape decisions.

States

Sovereign organizations with compulsory membership and a monopoly on legitimate violence.

Nations

Groups sharing identity and culture, often seeking territory or government.

Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself, recognized externally and controlled internally.

Regimes

Sets of institutions governing political activity, such as democracies and authoritarianism.

Feudalism

A decentralized power structure where lords collect tribute.

Absolutism

A system where lords consolidate control over defined territories.

Westphalian State System

Established post-Thirty Years' War, recognizing state sovereignty and borders.

Instrumentalism

A theory suggesting political elites manipulate identities for their own gain.

Primordialism

The view that inherent differences shape political identities.

Constructivism

The idea that political identities are formed through social interactions and experiences.

African American Identity

Politically salient due to historical context and civil rights movements.

Afro-Brazilian Identity

Less politically salient, often overshadowed by broader racial categories.

Telles' Explanation

Grievances alone are insufficient for political mobilization; strong group identity is necessary.

Political Tool

The use of identities by elites to mobilize support and create divisions.

Identity Fluidity

The concept that political identities can evolve based on context and experiences.

National Identity

A political group identity often linked to shared culture and history.

Ethnic Identity

A group identity that may have varying political significance.

Political Salience

The degree to which a group identity is relevant in political contexts.

Globalization

the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, primarily in terms of economics, culture, and politics.

comparative Politics

A subfield of political science that analyzes and compares political systems, institutions, processes, and behavior across different countries. It seeks to understand how political entities function, the impact of culture and history on governance, and the dynamics of power and democracy. Key methods include case studies, statistical analysis, and theoretical frameworks to evaluate political phenomena globally

Governments

The individuals that occupy the ongoing apparatus of the state. - Change frequently - Includes both elected and appointed officials

State Characteristics

Characteristics of a political entity defined by governance and territory

1. Defined Territory: A specific geographic area with recognized borders.

2. Permanent Population: A stable group of people residing within the territory.

3. Sovereign Government: An organized political structure that provides order and authority.

4. Recognition: Acceptance by other states and international bodies.

5. Capacity to Enter Relations: Ability to engage in diplomatic or economic relations with other states.

state capacities

administrative efficiency, regulatory power, and the ability to maintain order and enforce laws. It is crucial for a state's legitimacy and effectiveness in addressing social needs and managing resources.