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28 Terms

1
Port Chicago Explosion
A 1944 munitions explosion in California that highlighted racial disparities in military service.
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2
Jackie Robinson
The first African American to play in Major League Baseball, breaking the color barrier.
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3
Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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4
NAACP

organization that used the court system to end de jure segregation, took up the brown v board case

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5
Brown v. Board of Education
A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled segregated schools unconstitutional.
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6
Thurgood Marshall
The first African American Supreme Court Justice and a key lawyer in the Brown v. Board case.
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7
Little Rock Nine
A group of nine African American students who enrolled at Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
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8
Purpose of March on Washington
To advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans, highlighted by MLK's 'I Have a Dream' speech.
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9
1964 Civil Rights Act
Legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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10
Literacy Test
A test used to disenfranchise voters, often targeting African Americans through unfair practices.
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11
Freedom Summer
A 1964 campaign to increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi.
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12
Purpose of Selma March
To protest racial discrimination in voting and to demand the enforcement of voting rights.
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13
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Legislation that aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans.
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14
24th Amendment
Amendment that prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections.
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15
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
A civil rights organization that played a key role in the sit-in movements and voter registration efforts.
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16
Children’s March
A 1963 event in Birmingham that involved children protesting for civil rights.
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17
Eugene “Bull” Connor
The Public Safety Commissioner in Birmingham known for his aggressive enforcement of segregation.
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18

MLK Jr.

Promoted nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience to combat racial injustice.
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19

Malcolm X

Advocated for more militant and self-defense approaches to civil rights activism.
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20
Rosa Parks
Civil rights activist known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
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21
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A year-long protest against racial segregation on public buses sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest.
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22
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
An organization founded to coordinate and support nonviolent protests against racial segregation.
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23
Freedom Rides
Bus trips taken by civil rights activists to challenge segregation in interstate bus terminals.
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24
Black Power
A movement promoting racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions.
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25
Stokely Carmichael
A civil rights activist known for his contributions to the Black Power movement.
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26
Black Panthers
A revolutionary organization that aimed to protect African American communities and combat police brutality.
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27

De Jure segregation

Segregation by law

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28

De Facto segregation

Segregation by society and customs

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