AA CR Movement

Port Chicago Explosion

A 1944 munitions explosion in California that highlighted racial disparities in military service.

Jackie Robinson

The first African American to play in Major League Baseball, breaking the color barrier.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

NAACP

organization that used the court system to end de jure segregation, took up the brown v board case

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court case that ruled segregated schools unconstitutional.

Thurgood Marshall

The first African American Supreme Court Justice and a key lawyer in the Brown v. Board case.

Little Rock Nine

A group of nine African American students who enrolled at Little Rock Central High School in 1957.

Purpose of March on Washington

To advocate for civil and economic rights for African Americans, highlighted by MLK's 'I Have a Dream' speech.

1964 Civil Rights Act

Legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Literacy Test

A test used to disenfranchise voters, often targeting African Americans through unfair practices.

Freedom Summer

A 1964 campaign to increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi.

Purpose of Selma March

To protest racial discrimination in voting and to demand the enforcement of voting rights.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation that aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans.

24th Amendment

Amendment that prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

A civil rights organization that played a key role in the sit-in movements and voter registration efforts.

Children’s March

A 1963 event in Birmingham that involved children protesting for civil rights.

Eugene “Bull” Connor

The Public Safety Commissioner in Birmingham known for his aggressive enforcement of segregation.

MLK Jr.

Promoted nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience to combat racial injustice.

Malcolm X

Advocated for more militant and self-defense approaches to civil rights activism.

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A year-long protest against racial segregation on public buses sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

An organization founded to coordinate and support nonviolent protests against racial segregation.

Freedom Rides

Bus trips taken by civil rights activists to challenge segregation in interstate bus terminals.

Black Power

A movement promoting racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions.

Stokely Carmichael

A civil rights activist known for his contributions to the Black Power movement.

Black Panthers

A revolutionary organization that aimed to protect African American communities and combat police brutality.

De Jure segregation

Segregation by law

De Facto segregation

Segregation by society and customs