BIO 114- Gymnoperm Lecture

Gymnosperms make

exposed seeds

Gymno

Naked

Sperm

Seed

Gymnosperms seeds are surrounded by

seed coat (integument)

Angiosperm seeds surrounded by

two integuments + enclosed in extra tissue (ovary wall of carpel)

Gynosperm life cycle

Female gametophyte receives nutrition from and is protected by the sporophyte until it is mature

Strobili

Large cones on Cycads

Dioecious

All Cycads are ______ species

Sub-tropics and tropics

Cycads are mostly distributed in

Beetles

Cycads are first example of animal pollination from

Maidenhair Tree (Ginkgo biloba)

• Native to Asia

• Oldest plant species

• Dioecious

• Exposed seeds : deciduous

Living fossil

What is the nickname for Ginkgo biloba

Putrid smell

Female seeds produce a __________ (Butryic Acid)

Mormon Tea - Ephedra

• Stems contain the stimulant ephedrine

• Dioecious

• Common desert shrubs

Confiers

• Most common and abundant gymnosperms

• Largest and tallest

  • Ex: Firs, cedars, cypresses, junipers, redwoods

Pines (Pinus spp.)

• Evergreen

• Needle-like leaves

• Produce on short branches called fascicles

Pine Reproduction

• Monoecious - individual trees produce both male and female cones

• Pollen produced by small, ephemeral male cones

• Seeds produced in larger female cones

Cone scale =

modified branch

Cone bract =

Modified leaf

Female pine cones

• Mature in two years

• Cone scale are persistent, woody, maybe have prickle (umbo)

Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

• CA state tree

• Lumber is commercially valuable softwood

• Tallest tree on earth

Fog drip

Redwoods occupy the fog belt, precipitation

Patagonian cypress (Fitzroya cupressoides)

• Economically important lumber

• Rare