Biology Notes

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7 Terms

1
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The cell

3 points:

  1. Every living organism is made up of one or more cells

  2. The smallest living organism are single cells

  3. All cells come from preexisting cells

2
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All Cells

3 components:

  1. Plasma Membrane - double layer of phospholipids

  2. Genetic material - DNA or RNA found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

  3. Cytoplasm- consists of all material outside the nucleus and inside the membrane

3
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Primary functions of the Plasma Membrane

  1. Isolates the cytoplasm from the external environment

  2. Regulates the flow of material between cytoplasm and the external environment

  3. Allows interaction with other cells

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Cell size and function

Cells are small for a reason - optimal size = optimal function

  • movement across the membrane = Diffusion

  • Volume to surface ratio

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Types of Cells

2 primary types:

  1. Prokaryotic = Before Nucleus

  • very small

  • Most are surrounded by stiff cell wall

  • No nucleus

  1. Eukaryotic = True Nucleus

  • larger

  • Contain many organelles

  • More advanced

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Two main types of Eukaryotic Cells

  1. Plant = rigid cell wall

  2. Animal = no cell wall

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Organelles

Nucleus = the control center of the cell

  • it dictates what the cell does and when it does it

  • Contains the genetic material