Sports Medicine CTE Exam

What's the top number in blood pressure?

Systolic: when the heart contracts

What's the bottom number in blood pressure?

Diastolic: when the heart relaxes

What are the parts of the Axial skeleton?

Skull, ossicles, hyoid bone, mandible, maxilla, ribcage, vertebral column, sternum.

How long should frictional handwashing last?

20 seconds.

Why do you use a paper towel to open doors and turn off skinks after washing your hands?

To prevent further contamination

How should you tape the wrist for hyperextension?

With the wrist slightly flexed Fan taping

When taping for elbow hyperextension how many degrees of flexion should the elbow be at?

10 degrees of flexion.

What is the first thing that you do when you encounter a blood spill?

Put on gloves.

How do you release medical information?

Have written consent, for those who are under 18 have a parent sign a release form, for those over 18 they can sign their own release forms.

What exercises should be done when recovering from an ankle injury?

Calf raises, jogging, sprinting, cutting.

How do you return an athlete to sport after a concussion?

Cleared by a physician, symptom free, pass Glasgow coma scale. With progressive return to sport: complete rest, light aerobic activity, sport specific training, non-contact drills, full contact training, game play.

What do you do when a male ATC is asked to treat a female patient?

Have a woman in the room with them or be in an open area with other people.

What is the name of the cartilage on the end (epiphysis) of a long bone?

Articular cartilage.

What are the tests for ankle Fracture?

Bump test and compression test.

What is the name of the test for balance following a concussion?

BESS test (Balance Error Scoring System)

What are all of the portions of SOAP notes?

Subjective: what the patient tells you.
Objective: what you find.
Assessment: the tests you perform.
Plan: the plan for treatment and rehabilitation.

How do you test for dehydration and water loss?

COLOR of urine

What are the different types of fractures?

Open: bone breaks through skin.
Closed: bone does not break through skin.

What are the signs of a contusion?

Direct blow that does not break the skin, ecchymosis, swelling, pain to the touch, redness.

What is the primary purpose of an athletic trainer?

To prevent, recognize, and evaluate injuries.

What test must you pass to become an ATC?

NATABOC National Athletics Trainers Association Board of Certification.

As well as the test, ATC's must also obtain what from the state to become certified?

Licensure.

How long are medical documents and records kept?

7 years.

What are the types of seizures?

Protect the

What are the important aspects of liability and risk management?

Hippocratic oath: every health care provider takes to do no harm to their patients, work within your scope of knowledge, keep proper documentation, following athletic training room rules and procedures, always have adequate supervision.
Close contact with coaches admin and parents.
Have a responsibility of inspecting practice and game facilities (fields and courts).
Establish return to play protocols for athletes.
Involve team physicians.
Establish and practice the EAP.

If you work in a public school as an ATC how are you supposed to treat the other team?

Like they are your own, equally.

How does the ATC pertain to public schools?

They treat all athletes (cheer included).

What are some important vaccines for health care?

Hep B, Flu, MMR (Measles/Mumps/Rubella), Varicella (chicken pox), Tdap (Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis AKA whooping cough), meningococcal.

What is the most important characteristic of a splint for a wrist fracture?

Rigid to supply extra support.

What is the best method for shoulder immobilization?

A sling.

What are the most commonly injured ligaments in the ankle?

Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL) and Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL).

What element of taping is done to prevent inversion ankle sprains?

Heel locks.

What element of taping is done to evert the ankle?

Stirrups.

What exercises do you use to evaluate a soccer player before allowing them to return to play?

Run, cut, tuck, jump.

What is a liability waiver?

An assumption of risk.

What could a shoulder fracture be and what should you do to treat it?

Could be a fracture of the scapula, collarbone, humorous. Immobilize in a sling, ice, NSAIDS, may require surgery.

What is OSHA?

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

What is HIPAA?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

What the difference between Hep C and Hep B?

Hep B has a vaccine and Hep C does not.

How are bloodborne pathogens transmitted?

Blood, saliva, vomit, urine, sweat, tears, any bodily fluid.

Do you use pre-wrap when taping the arch?

No.

Where should an anchor strip end?

5th metatarsal (don't compress the nerve).

How do you clean up a small blood spill?

Wear proper PPE (gloves 1st thing), wipe up with a paper towel, clean with water and bleach, rinse and dry the area.

What do you do with a chemical spill?

Large spills require emergency response, small spills may be cleaned up by appropriate personnel depending on the type of material.

What is a threat to healthcare workers?

Disease or illness (anything dangerous).

What is the proper placement for AED pads?

Underneath collarbone on the right side and left chest wall underneath armpits.

How do you fit crutches?

6 inches in front of foot, 2 inches to the side, elbows at 30 degrees of flexion, 2 inches under the armpit.

How can you take/measure heart rate/pulse?

Full 60 seconds, 30 x 2, 20 x 3, 15 x 4. Trained athletes have slower pulses. Measure at the carotid artery or radial. Normal adult pulse 60-80 bpm and children 80-100.

What are the most common sites of a compression fracture and a stress fracture?

Compression: the thoracic spine.
Stress: weight bearing bones of the lower leg and feet.

What vertebrae supports the skull?

Atlas (C1). Axis is C2 (pivot point dens).

What exercise do you start with post-op?

Isometric: contracts muscle without changing length.

What could happen if an athlete isn't completely recovered from a concussion?

Second impact syndrome.

What are traits of an ATC?

Trustworthy, honest, dependable, high ethical standards.

What is the purpose of a compression wrap?

It controls the swelling and helps blood flow for faster healing.

Why do you elevate a limb after injury?

It minimizes swelling by not allowing fluid to drain into the injured area.

what are the different types of diabetes?

Type 1: Body does not produce insulin (usually diagnosed in children), needs to supplement with injections.
Type 2: Body still makes insulin but in insufficient amounts or produces insulin that doesn't function properly, can be controlled with diet and exercise.

What does a BP under 90mm Hg often present like?

Shock.

What medical condition mimics the symptoms of intoxication?

Low blood pressure.

What are the contraindications of ice?

Don't use ice if the person has impaired circulation, an open wound, cold sensitivity, deep vein thrombosis.

What is nystagmus?

Involuntary movement of the eyeballs in an up/down, back/forth motion. Could be a sign of brain injury.

What symbol is used to indicate possible infectious biological material?

Biohazard.

What are primary vs. secondary injuries?

Primary: life threatening injuries (CPR may e required).
Secondary: non-life threatening injuries.

What is considered an acute injury?

A sprain.

How is a hamstring partial tear classified?

Grade 2.

What grade of injury if the athlete hears a snap or tearing?

Grade 3.

How does the hear compensate for blood loss?

Heart rate increases.

What do you do if a patient bleeds through bandages?

Add more, don't take away or you could rip away clotting.

What are the types of stretching?

Stretching: joints move in a normal range of motion.
Flexibility: ability to move joint more freely through it's full range of motion.
Static stretching: slow, gradual stretching of a muscle, hold 20-30 seconds.
Ballistic stretching: rhythmic bouncing action that stretches a muscle (bad for you).
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: combination of contraction and relaxation of muscles.

What are the diffrent types of exercises?

Isometric: tension in ,muscle increases, but doesn't shorten and shorten muscle (1st phase of strength after injury)
Dynamic/isotonic: muscle contracts and shortens.
Manual resistance training: dynamic exercise accomplished using a training partner.
Isokinetic: a machine is used to control speed of contraction within the range of motion.
Circuit training: 6-10 strength exercises completed one right after the another, specific reps for a period of time.

What do you do with an amputated finger?

Gently clean with water or sterile saline solution, cover it in moistened gauze, place in a water-tight bag, place bag on ice in a sealed container.

When do you apply a C-collar?

Right away.

How do you prevent antibiotics resistant bacteria?

Have the patient finish their entire dose of antibiotics.

What is a disease marked by recurring temporary constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs?

asthma

What is the main purpose of phase 1 treatment?

control inflammation

Superior

Closer to the head or higher than another structure

Inferior

Closer to the feet or lower than another structure

Anterior/Ventral

more in front of the body

Posterior/Dorsal

more toward the back

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body

Proximal

Nearer to the trunk of the body

superficial

near the surface

deep

away from the surface

What is the 1st grade of ligament damage?

Mild: some tearing/stretching to ligament

What is the 2nd grade of ligament damage?

Moderate: more tearing to ligament

What is the 3rd grade of ligament damage?

Severe: complete tearing to ligament

What is a Simple/Closed fracture?

bone does not break through the skin

What is a compound/open fracture

bone breaks through the skin

What is a Transverse Fracture?

Bone breaks perpendicular to shaft

What is a linear fracture?

Bone breaks vertically(up & down)

What is an Oblique fracture?

Bone breaks curved

What is a spiral fracture?

bone twisting excessively

What is a greenstick fracture?

bone breaks incompletely

What is a comminuted fracture?

bone breaks into many fragments

What is a stress fracture?

break caused by repeated stress to a bone

What is a Epiphysial Plate fracture?

bone breaks at growth plate

What is an epileptic seizure?

Seizures that occur regularly

What is a Simple/Partial Seizure?

Jerking motion that begins at one part of the body, victim is awake & aware

What is a Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure?

sudden fall with rigidity and jerking muscles, shallow breathing, and loos of bladder and bowel control.