Pharmacology Lecture - Drug Classes and Medications Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards generated from the pharmacology reference document covering indications, drug classes, brand and generic names, routes, and special notes.

Enalaprilat

The IV formulation of enalapril (Vasotec IV), classified as an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor used to lower blood pressure.

Entresto

A brand name combination of sacubitril and valsartan (PO), categorized as an ARB & Neprilysin inhibitor combo used for heart failure.

Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)

An extended-release formulation beta blocker taken PO once daily for hypertension and heart failure.

Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)

An immediate-release formulation beta blocker taken PO or IV BID for hypertension.

Alteplase (tPA)

A thrombolytic agent (brand names Activase, Cathflo) administered IV to dissolve existing clots fast in acute ischemic stroke, STEMI, and for clearance of IV line.

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) anticoagulant administered SC for treatment or prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thromboembolism (DVT) or Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

Warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven)

A Vitamin K antagonist anticoagulant (PO once daily) that blocks vitamin-K dependent clotting factors to treat blood clots.

Idarucizumab (Praxbind)

An anticoagulant antidote administered IV that reverses the effects of dabigatran in bleeding emergencies.

Andexanet alfa (Andexxa)

An anticoagulant antidote administered IV that reverses the effects of apixaban or rivaroxaban in bleeding emergencies.

Aspirin (ASA)

An antiplatelet NSAID/salicylate (OTC), also known as acetylsalicylic acid, used for pain, arthritis, inflammation, and prevention of ASCVD, ACS, or stroke.

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A cardiac glycoside (PO, IV) used for heart failure that makes the heart beat stronger and slower.

Digoxin immune fab (Digifab)

An antidote (IV) for digoxin toxicity that pulls digoxin out of the body and reverses its effects.

Nitroglycerin (NitroStat)

A nitrate vasodilator (PO, SL, IV, transdermal, rectal, translingual) that opens blood vessels to relieve chest pain (angina).

Levothyroxine

A thyroid product (brand names Synthroid, Levoxyl, Unithroid, Tirosint) taken PO once daily to treat hypothyroidism.

Insulin glargine (Lantus, Toujeo, Basaglar)

A long-acting insulin (SC once daily) used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes to provide steady blood sugar all day.

Metformin

A biguanide (PO; Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Riomet) that lowers blood sugar via reduction of glucose made by the liver for type 2 diabetes.

Dulaglutide (Trulicity)

A GLP-1 receptor agonist administered SC once weekly to boost insulin and curb appetite for type 2 diabetes and weight loss.

Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound)

A GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist administered SC once weekly; Mounjaro is indicated for type 2 diabetes and Zepbound for weight management.

Colchicine (Colcrys)

An anti-gout agent (PO) that calms gout inflammation to treat and prevent gout flares.

Acetylcysteine (Acetadote)

An antidote and mucolytic agent (Inhaled, IV, PO) used to treat Tylenol (acetaminophen) overdose.

Ofirmev

The IV formulation of acetaminophen that requires a prescription, used as an analgesic for mild pain and fever.

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A COX-2 selective NSAID (PO) used for arthritis, pain, and anti-inflammatory action.

Naloxone (Narcan, RiVive)

An antidote and opioid antagonist (Nasal, IV, IM, SC) that reverses opioid effects to treat overdose; Narcan and RiVive are nasal sprays available OTC.

Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

A serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist (triptan) given PO, SC, or intranasally that blocks migraine signals to stop migraines.

Methocarbamol (Robaxin)

A muscle relaxant (PO, IM, IV) used for muscle spasms and back pain.

Carisoprodol (Soma)

A C-IV controlled muscle relaxant used for muscle spasms and back pain.

Baclofen (Lioresal)

A muscle relaxant administered PO or intrathecally for muscle spasms and back pain.

Prednisone (Deltasone)

A corticosteroid (PO) used for inflammation, asthma, and allergies.

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A tricyclic antidepressant (PO) used for depression, neuropathic pain, and migraine prevention.

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) taken PO once daily for depression and anxiety.

Venlafaxine ER (Effexor XR)

A serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) taken PO once daily for depression, anxiety, and nerve pain.

Bupropion

A dopamine/norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor; Wellbutrin (Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL) is approved for depression and Zyban is approved for smoking cessation.

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A first-generation (typical) antipsychotic (PO, IM, IV) used for schizophrenia and psychosis.

Risperidone (Risperdal)

A second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic (PO, IM, SC) used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

An anticonvulsant (PO, IV) used for seizures/epilepsy to calm overactive brain signals.

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

An anticonvulsant and GABA analog (PO) used for seizures and nerve pain.

Benztropine (Cogentin)

An anticholinergic agent (PO, IM, IV) used for Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Zolpidem (Ambien)

A C-IV non-benzodiazepine hypnotic (PO, SL) used as a sleep aid for insomnia.

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

An antidote (IV) used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose or sedation.

Donepezil (Aricept)

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (PO, transdermal) used for Alzheimer's disease symptoms.

Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR)

A stimulant medication (PO) used for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to boost focus and alertness.

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

A non-stimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (PO) used for ADHD.

Pramipexole (Mirapex)

A dopamine agonist (PO) used for Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome.

Alendronate (Fosamax)

A bisphosphonate (PO) used for osteoporosis.

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium, Azo Urinary Pain Relief)

An analgesic (PO) used to relieve urinary tract infection (UTI) pain and burning.

Afrin Original Nasal Spray

A topical/intranasal decongestant used every 12 hours for nasal congestion; cannot be used for more than 72 hours (3 days).