General Science - Physics in Daily Life Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards covering household physics, safety mechanisms (impulse/momentum), Tinkercad circuitry basics, and translational/rotational motion concepts.

Conduction

Heat transfer via direct contact, such as a heating plate touching a rice cooker pot.

Convection

Heat transfer via the movement of fluids, where hot water rises and cool water sinks in a pot.

Radiation

Energy transmitted as waves, for example, microwave heating or heat from an LED.

Evaporative Cooling

The process used by fans to speed up sweat evaporation from skin to remove heat, rather than cooling the air itself.

Thermodynamic Cycle

The mechanism used by refrigerators where refrigerants absorb heat inside through evaporation and release it outside through condensation.

LED Bulbs

Devices that very efficiently convert Electricity directly to Light.

Blenders

Devices that convert Electricity to Mechanical energy (rotation), creating Shear Forces to mix or cut.

Heat

Thermal energy transfer related to warming or cooling, such as a CPU fan cooling or water boiling.

Force

A push or pull on an object, such as a crane lifting beams or a tractor plowing.

Impulse Formula

F\text{\Delta}t = m\text{\Delta}v, where Force times the change in Time equals the change in Momentum.

Sensors

Input components in a Core Concepts Map, such as ultrasonic, photoresistor, pushbutton, or temperature sensors.

Actuators

Output components in a Core Concepts Map, such as DC motors, servo arms, LEDs, or buzzers.

Breadboard Power Rails

The $(+/–)$ rails that run the full length of each side of the breadboard.

Resistor

A component used with an LED to limit current so the LED does not burn out.

LED Anode

The long leg of an LED connected to the positive $(+)$ side of the circuit.

Series circuit

A configuration where LEDs share one path; if one LED is removed or broken, all LEDs turn off.

Parallel circuit

A configuration where each LED has its own path; if one LED is removed, the others stay lit.

Translational Motion

Motion where all points of an object travel the same displacement, direction, velocity, and acceleration.

Rotational Motion

Motion where points vary in displacement, direction, velocity, and acceleration depending on their distance from the center.

Combined Motion

When an object undergoes translational and rotational motion at the same time, such as a rolling ball or a screw.

Angular Displacement

\text{\theta} measured in radians or degrees, where 2\text{\pi}\, \text{rad} = 360^∘ and \text{\pi}\, \text{rad} = 180^∘.

Angular Velocity

\text{\omega} = \frac{\text{\Delta}\text{\theta}}{t} measured in $\text{rad/s}$.

Angular Acceleration

\text{\alpha} = \frac{\text{\Delta}\text{\omega}}{t} measured in $\text{rad/s}^2$.