PSYCH05X Midterms Freud: Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

• Born 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia

• Father of psychoanalysis

• Largely credited for his contribution to developing talk therapy

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Concept

• Our development is dependent on our early life experiences

• He believes that who we are at the moment is a product of our childhood experiences

• Our childhood experiences will form a part of our unconcious, which will later affect the way we behave

Provinces of the Mind

• Id

• Ego

• Superego

Id

Pleasure principle - Instincts

Ego

Reality Principle

Superego

Moralistic and Idealistic Principle

• Conscience

• Ego-ideal

Dynamic of Personality

1. Drives (Trieb)

   1. Sex

   2. Aggression

Drives

• Trieb

• Stimulus within a person whch operates as a motivational force

  1. Sex

  2. Aggression

Sex

• Eros/Life Instincts

• Libido

• Takes many forms such as

  1. Nacissism

  2. Love

  3. Sadism

  4. Masochism

Libido

Psychic energy for the sex drive

Narcissism

Love of self

Love

Often accompanied by narcissistic tendencies

Sadism

Need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

Masochism

Sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others

Aggression

• Distraction

• Thanatos/Death Instincts

• Every basic drive is characterized by an

  • Impetus

  • Source

  • Aim

  • Object

Impetus

The amount of force it exerts

Source

The region of the body in a state of excitation of tension

Aim

To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension

Object

The person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied

Psychosexual Stages of Development

1. Oral Stage

2. Anal Stage

3. Phallic Stage

4. Latency Stage

5. Genital Stage

Oral Stage

• Birth to 18 months

• Erogenous Zone : Mouth

• Pleasure seeking is through the infant’s mouth during this stage. They like to put things in mouth

Anal Stage

• 18 months to 3 years

• Erogenous Zone: Bladder and Bowel Movement

• Pleasure-seeking centers are located in the bowel’s and bladder. Children begin potty training.

Phallic Stage

• 3 years to 6 years

• Erogenous Zone: Genitals

• Boys are more attracted to their mother (Oedipus Complex) and girls are more attracted to their father (Electra Complex)

Latency Stage

• 6 years to 11 years

• Erogenous Zone: None

• In this stage, childen develop social skills and find comfort in family and peer interactions

Genital Stage

• 11 years old onwards

• Erogenous Zone: Genitals

• The onset of puberty is demonstrated by showing strong interest in another person of the opposite sex.

Anxiety

It is a felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger

Realistic Anxiety

• Basic form of anxiety and is built around the ego. It is usually based on the fear of real or unforeseen possible events. For instance, being hit by a car while a crossing the street.

• Closely related to fear. An unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger

Neurotic Anxiety

• It originates from an unconscious fear that the basic impulses of the id will take control of the person. This will ultimately lead to eventual punishment for expressing the id’s desires.

• Apprehension about an unknown danger

Moral Anxiety

• This stems from the superego of the mind. The fear of violating vaues or moral codes is present in this case that tends to appear as feelings like guilt or shame

• Stems form the conflict between the ego and the superego

Defense Mechanism

• Focused on how the ego defends itself against interval events or impulses which are unacceptable to one’s ego.

• These defense mechanisms are used to handle conflict between the id, ego, and superego

• Freud observed that the major drive for people was a reduction of tension and the notable cause of tension was anxiety

• Denial

• Displacement

• Intellectualization

• Projection

• Rationalization

• Reaction Formation

• Regression

• Repression

• Supression

Denial

It is the mechanism that leads an individual to believe that what is true is actually false

Discplacement

Act of taking out impulses on a less threatening element

Intellectualization

This involves the avoidance of unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects

Projection

This involves attributing uncomfortable feeling to others

Rationalization

This is the creation of false but beliavble justifications

Reaction Formation

This is taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety

Regression

This involves going back to the previous stage of development

Repression

It is the pushing of uncomfortable thoughts out of conscious awarenesss

Supression

It involves consciously forcing unwanted thoughts out of their awarenesss

Sublimation

This involves redirecting wrong urges into socially acceptable actions

Applications of Psychodynamic Theory

• The primary goal of Freud’s later psychoanalytic therapy was to uncover repressed memories

• The purpose of psychoanalytic is “to strengthen the ego,to make it more independent of the superego, to widen, its field of perception and enlarge its organization, so that it can appropriate fresh portions of the id. Where the id was, there ego shall be.”

1. Free Association

2. Transference

3. Dream Analysis

4. Freudian Slips

Free Association

Verbalizing every thought that comes to their mind, no matter how irrelevant or repugnant it many appear

Transference

Strong sexual or aggressive feelings that patients develop toward their therapist

• Positive Transference

• Negative Transference

• Sexual Transference

Positive Transference

• When enjoyable aspects of past relationships are projected onto the therapist

• Permits patients to more or less relive childhood experiences within the nonthreatening climate of the analytic treatment

Negative Transference

• When negative or hostile feelings are projected onto the therapist

• The form of hostility must be recognized by the therapist and explained to patients so that they can overcome any resistance to treatment

Sexualized Transference

When a client feels attracted to their therapist. This can include feelings of intimacy, sexual attraction, reverence, or romantic or sensual emotions

Countertransference

Unconscious attitudes that a therapist or a nurse develops towards a client in response to a client’s behavior

Dream Analysis

• Manifest Content

• Latent Contents

Manifest Content

Surface meaning of the conscious description

Latent Content

Unconscious material

Freudian Slips

• Parapraxes

• Slips of the tongue, misreading, incorrect hearing, misplacing objects and temporarily forgetting names or intention