SACE Biology Topic 4 Evolution - Convergent & Divergent Evolution (Vocabulary)

Vocabulary flashcards covering convergent/divergent evolution, analogous/homologous structures, adaptive radiation, ecological succession (primary/secondary), founder effect, bottlenecks, genetic diversity, and example diseases in Tasmanian devils and cheetahs.

Convergent evolution

The independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated animals for example penguins and auks both using wings as flippers

Divergent evolution

Evolution from a relatively recent common ancestor, leading to increasing differences and the formation of homologous structures.

Analogous structures

Features that arise through convergent evolution and serve similar functions but do not indicate close relatedness.

Homologous structures

Body parts that share a common ancestral origin, though may evolve to look/perform different

Primary succession

Succession on newly formed or bare rock with no initial soil - after events like volcanic eruptions

Secondary succession

Succession following a disturbance that leaves soil intact, like a fire

Ecological succession

The gradual change in the species composition of a community over time, often after a disturbance.

Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD)

Contagious cancer in Tasmanian devils - causes rapid tumour growth and high mortality, linked to low genetic diversity

Cheetah bottleneck

Historical population bottleneck (~12,000 years ago) leading to low genetic variability; current populations around 7,000 with inbreeding consequences such as dental abnormalities, kinked tails, and reduced sperm counts.