Ecology Exam Review

Ecology Final Exam Review Flashcards

Pyramids of energy are __ inverted.

A

The various microorganisms, plants, and animals living in a pond form a _.

Community

A group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area at a given time may be considered as a __.

Population

Top-level __ may be most harmed by toxic environmental chemicals.

Birds may become the most harmed by toxic environmental chemicals

Energy passes along a food chain in the form of __.

Chemical energy

When ecologists attempt to define where a particular organism lives they are describing its __.

Habitat

Compared to a eutrophic lake, an oligotrophic lake contains a greater concentration of __.

Oxygen

Nutrient cycles may involve __.

All of the above

An example of the primary consumers in a community are the __.

Rabbits that eat leaves and stems

The disappearance of all life on earth might best be explained by the disappearance of all the __

Decomposers

If decomposers did not exist on the earth, the only method of recycling carbon would be by subjecting organic material to __.

Burning

There are always fewer organisms at each higher step of the food pyramid because __.

Energy is lost as heat in each step of the pyramid

If carbon dioxide were withdrawn from the biosphere, __ would first experience negative effects.

Producers

Decomposers release carbon from __.

Release carbon from dead bodies

The normal flow of energy in a food chain is __.

seeds  sparrow  hawk  bacteria

In the pyramid of numbers there will always be __.

Fewer secondary consumers than primary consumers

__ are most immediately essential to the existence of primary consumers.

Producers

If the nitrogen fixing and nitrifying bacteria in the soil were destroyed, a probable result would be a reduction in available __.

Proteins

Energy and nutrients enter a community by way of the __.

Producers

A sequence of species through which the organic molecules in a community pass is called a __.

Food chain

A consumer whose carbon atoms have already passed through three species is a __.

Tertiary consumer

__ of the solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis.

1%

About __ of the chemical energy within producer tissues become chemical energy within herbivore tissue.

10%

An ecological pyramid of biomass is a representation of the ecosystem’s __.

Tissue at each trophic level

An ecological pyramid of biomass is often an inverted pyramid in __ ecosystems.

Ocean

The largest reservoir of phosphorus in the biosphere is the __.

Rocks

The main nitrogen reservoir in the biosphere is the __.

Atmosphere

An ecosystem is a __.

Biologic community and components of the physical environment with which the community interacts

__ are evolved features that make organisms better suited to live and reproduce in their environments.

Evolved features that make organisms better suited to live and reproduce in their environments

Photosynthesis is the transformation of energy to energy.

light, chemical

In a plant cell, the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the __

Thylakoid membrane

In a plant cell, the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the __

stroma

__ of the following colors of light is (are) the least effective in photosynthesis.

green

The function of cellular respiration is to make __

ATP

The term anaerobic means __ oxygen

Without

Gases move across membranes by __

diffusion

A mammal ventilates its lungs by moving its and its

diaphragm, intercostal muscles

Fluid can only be exchanged between the __ and the tissues of the body

capillaries

Differences in partial pressures of O2 create a gradient that causes oxygen to move from the alveoli to the capillaries and into tissues. The change in partial pressure from the alveoli ( concentration) to the capillaries ( concentration) drives the oxygen into the tissue and the carbon dioxide into the blood ( concentration) from the tissues (__ concentration), which is then returned to the lungs and exhaled.

High concentration, low concentration, diffusion, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

A substance that accelerates a chemical reaction, but itself remains unchanged when the reaction is over, is a __. In living things, most of these substances are known as __.

catalyst, enzyme

Metabolism involves two kinds of processes: in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, and , in which larger molecules are built from smaller ones.

anabolic, catabolic

-subunits of

Monomers, polymers

The basic unit of a vertebrate kidney is the __

Nephron

A mammal excretes nitrogen in the form of __

Urea

Which components of the blood does NOT enter the nephron is the __.

Plasma proteins

Which filters the blood in

Kidney

__ -Non striated muscle

smooth

-thin / - thick

Actin, myosin