BIOL205 Lecture Exam 4 Study Guide

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering immunological applications, skin/eye infections, respiratory, urogenital, and nervous system infections for BIOL205 Exam 4.

Variolations

A historical practice used to induce immunity before the development of westernized vaccines.

Edward Jenner

The individual who developed the first westernized vaccine.

Smallpox

The first disease for which immunity was artificially induced, now completely eradicated due to vaccination.

HPV Vaccine

The first successfully developed vaccine that resulted in a decrease in cervical cancer.

Wakefield publication

The original flawed publication that led to concerns regarding vaccines and autism.

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; a technology used for diagnostic testing in direct and indirect forms.

Lateral flow technology

A technology related to ELISA used in rapid diagnostic tests.

Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus

A pathogen characterized by survival on surfaces, toxin production, and immune evasion mechanisms like resistance to opsonization and lysozyme.

$\alpha$-hemolysis

A type of hemolytic ability used to clinically divide Streptococcus species.

$\beta$-hemolysis

A type of hemolytic ability where Streptococcus pyogenes is categorized.

$\gamma$-hemolysis

A type of hemolytic ability used to clinically divide Streptococcus species representing no hemolysis.

M protein

A protein important for the growth and survival of Streptococcus pyogenes used for subtyping the organism.

Pyocyanin

A substance produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections resulting in blue-green pus.

Ringworm

A fungal infection (not helminthic) characterized by intense itching.

Candida albicans

A fungus that can result in oral candidiasis, also known as thrush.

Sarcoptes scabiei

A skin mite that causes skin lesions and intense itching.

Chlamydia trachomatis

The leading cause of preventable blindness in the world due to infectious disease.

Acid-fast positive

A staining characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Psittacosis

A respiratory disease caused by a specific infectious organism mentioned in the study guide.

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Ureteritis

Inflammation of the ureters.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys.

Elementary body

The infectious stage of the organism that causes genital chlamydial infection.

Reticulate body

The non-infectious, metabolically active stage of the organism that causes genital chlamydial infection.

Trichomonas vaginalis

A protozoan identified by a frothy, greenish-yellow, foul-odor discharge.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (CNS).

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain.

Listeriosis

A disease caused by Listeria that is particularly dangerous for a fetus or newborn.

Postexposure prophylaxis

The best treatment for Rabies exposure before symptoms appear.

Furious (classical) rabies

A form of rabies characterized by agitation and hydrophobia.

Paralytic (dumb or numb) rabies

A form of rabies where the patient remains relatively quiet and slowly becomes paralyzed.

Prions

Misfolded proteins that cause diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Kuru.