Exam 1 Chapter 3 Eukaryotic Cells

plasma membrane

• phospholipid bilayer in all cells

• fluid mosaic

• selectively permeable

• has embedded proteins

membrane transport

• simple diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

simple diffusion

molecules move down their concentration gradient with no help ( high concentration to low)

facilitated diffusion

molecules move down their concentration gradient with help by protein channel or proton carriers (high concentration to low)

endomembrane system (vestibular trafficking)

• network of organelles that transport and modify proteins and lipids within cells

• vehicles carry material between these organelles into the cell membrane for use within the cell

active transport

• requires ATP

  • pump molecules against concentration gradient (low concentration to high)

eukaryotic cells

• have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

• can have cell wall, plants, fungi, and protists

Nucleolus/ Nucleoli

• site of rRNA production and pre-ribosomal assembly

• dark, dense area inside nucleus

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

piece of RNA that ribosomes need to function properly

ribsomes

• perform translation

• protein synthesis

What kind of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?

70S

What kind of ribosomes do eukaryotic cells have?

80S

Why is the different of ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells important for patient treatment?

Many antibiotics target prokaryotic ribosomes without affecting patient’s eukaryotic ribosomes

Rough ER

• studded with ribosomes

• protein production

Smooth ER

• synthesis of lipids

• no ribosomes

golgi apparatus

• sorts proteins and adds sugar to molecules

• “shipping department”

lysosome

• break down damaged organelles for energy

• “garbage disposal”

peroxisomes

• break down hydrogen peroxide

• contains catalase enzyme

• detoxify

cytoskeleton

• provides structure

• keeps organelles in place

• helps in cellular transport

intermediate filaments

• structure of nucleus

• composed of various proteins

microtubules

• highways for vesicular transport

• composed of tubular

microfilaments

• used in muscle contraction and contractile ring

• composed of actin

mitochondria

• ATP through ETC

• “powerhouse”

• has 70S ribosomes

KREBS

produces energy by breaking down molecules from food

where does KREBS occur?

in the mitochondria

extracellular matrx

allows for external stress to be reduced on cells

flagella

movement of cell

cilia

help with movement or sensory functions

In a hypertonic enviornment, eukaryotic cells will

go through crenation

Crenation

cells shrinks and get wrinkly