apush unit 1 test

what items came from the Columbian exchange to the old world?

Potatoes, beans, syphilis, cocao, tomatoes, beans, sweet potatoes, and squash

what items from the Columbian exchange came from the old world to the new world?

cattle, wheat, horses, measles, smallpox, livestock and sugarcane

what did europeans bring to the new world that was devastating?

brought dieseases such as small pox that wiped out 90-95% of the native population. This caused a shortage of labor for plantation owners that was fulfilled with indentured servitude.

what was the encomienda system and what did it do?

a spanish colonial labor system mean to grant spanish colonizers the right to demand forced labor + tribute from Native people.

what was the casta system and what did it do?

a hierarchal system of racial classification created by spanish authorities.

What was the Pueblo Revolt and what did it do?

A successful revolt of indigenous Pueblo people against spanish colonizers and removed spanish colonial rulers 12 years.

what were the pueblo rebels really trying to rebel against?

Spanish colonial control of tradition and cultural adaptation on their people.

when was Jamestown founded and by who?

1607 by Virginia Company of London

Why did the colony almost fail at first?

People were too focused on trying to find gold they forgot to farm and make permanent settlements which led to famine and diesease.

What did John Smith do?

helped save early Jamestown by enforcing strict work rules, “those who did not work shall not eat”

What crop saved the colony and who introduced it?

Tobacco engineered by John Rolfe

What was the house of Burgesses and why is it a precedent?

first elected law-making body in America that led to self-governance and representative democracy government

what else happened in 1619 that shaped american history?

first thanksgiving by Puritan Separatists

what is the headright system and who benefited from it?

gave 50 acres of land to colonists for every person they bought passage to America, benefited by the elite and wealthy plantation owners.

what was indentured servitude and who did it benefit?

System of contracted labor where someone works for a certain amount of time in exchange without pay in exchange for passage to America, benefited by wealthy plantation owners.

What are the slave codes and who did it benefit?

State and colonial laws that defined enslaved people as personal property, benefited white enslaved and plantation owners.

Who led Bacon’s rebellion and who followed him?

Nathanial Bacon and his followers: frontier men, farmers, and indentured servants.

What was the immediate cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?

Berkely refused to take action against Native American attacks on the frontier settlements because he wanted to keep his wealth.

What was the deeper, underlying cause of Bacon’s rebllion?

After indentured servants served their time, there were no young women to marry, no land for them, and were disenfranchised.

What was the long-term result of Bacon’s Rebellion? Why did planters change their labor system?

Switched to African slave labor to reduce the risk of another rebellion

what was the relationship of the puritans vs the pilgrims with the church of england?

Puritans wanted to reform the church of england while the pilgirms wanted to seperate.

Who was the leader of the separatists (pilgrims)?

William Bradford

Who was the leader of the Puritans?

John Winthrop

What kind of community were the Puritans trying to build in Massachusetts Bay?

“A city upon a hill” a model for the english church where only white men of the congregation could vote

Which colony cared so much about literacy and why?

Massachusetts Bay because Puritans believed that Satan used illiteracy to keep people from reading scripture

What was the Halfway Covenant, what did it solve and what did the church give up?

allowed people who had not experienced a personal religious conversion to become partial church members, solved declining church members while the church gave up their strict sainthood standards.

Who was Roger Williams and what did he teach or believe?

separation of church and state, religious freedom and fair treatment of natives

Who was Anne Hutchinson and what did she teach or believe?

Covenant of Grace, direct relationship with god, taught bible studies as a woman

Who were the accusers of the Salem witch trials vs the accused? What does this suggest?

The accusers were young girls who accused town outcasts which suggests that the trials were about controlling women and scapegoating.

Who is the founder of Maryland and why did he found it?

Lord Baltimore, for religious freedom for Catholics and all Christians

Who was the founder of Rhode Island and why did he found it?

Roger Williams for religious freedom and speration of church and state

Who was the founder of Pennsylvania and why did he found it?

William Penn for religious freedom for Quakers and religious tolerance for all religions, equality and representative government.

Who founded Georgia and why?

James Oglethorpe, a buffer colony and a military outpost

What was Pennsylvanians American Indian policy under William Penn and why was it unusual for its time?

He bought land fairly and signed treaties with Natives instead of fighting

What is mercantlism?

economic system where colonies gave raw materials and bought goods only from the mother country to make it richer

What were three rules under the Navigation Act?

trade only on english ships, certain goods are only to be sold to england (tobacco), imports had to go through england first.

What were the Navigation Acts aimed to achieve?

Make sure only england profited from all colonial trade.

What is salutary neglect and how did it cause conflict with Britain after 1763?

Britain ignored the colonists breaking trade laws and when Britain stopped, the colonists rebelled because they were used to self-governance.

What is coverture?

A legal rule were a wife’s legal identify was merged with her husband when she got married.

What was the great awakening?

Protestant religious revivals that spread through the American colonies

Great Awakening vs Enlightenment

Great awakening was focused on emotion and spirituality that challenged church leaders and tradition while the Enlightenment focused on reason and logic and promoted natural rights, consent of the governed and representative governments.

How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment teach colonists to question authority?

promoting individualism and shifting the source of truth from traditional institutions to personal reason and direct spiritual experience

What were some characteristics of the Chesapeake colony? (why it was founded, who was there, life expectancy, economy type, labor system, religion ,education and governemnt)

founded for wealth and profit, single young men, low life expectancy, cash crop economy, used indentured servants and later slavery, angelican church, little education and house of burgesses

What were some characteristics of the New England colony? (why it was founded, who was there, life expectancy, economy type, labor system, religion ,education and governemnt)

founded for religious freedom, family units, high life expectancy, maritime trade economy, family labor, purtain, high education and town meeting

13th amendment

abolished slavery

14h amendment

grants citizenship to anyone born in the U.S

15h amendment

gives all men the right to vote

16h amendment

allows the u.s gov to tax income

17h amendment

senates are directly elected by the people

18h amendment

prohibition of alcohol

19h amendment

womens suffrage

20th amendment

the lame duck ammendment

21st amendment

repeal of prohibition of alcohol

22nd amendment

allows presidents to only serve 2 terms

23rd ammendment

gives washington d.c 3 electoral votes

24th ammendment

abolishes poll taxes

25th ammednment

establishes a successor for presidency

26th ammednment

lowers the voting age from 21 to 18

27th ammendment

laws that change the salary of senators pass after the next election