General Science, Module 13

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35 Terms

1

Ecology

Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

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2

Habitat

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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3

Niche

An organism's function in its habitat, including its relationship with other organisms.

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4

Ecosystem

A system made up of all living organisms interacting with one another and their environment.

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5

Biotic factors

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

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6

Abiotic factors

Nonliving components of an environment.

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7

Producer

An organism that makes its own food using energy from the sun or other sources

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8

Consumer

An organism that obtains its food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter

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9

Herbivore

A consumer that eats only plants.

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10

Carnivore

A consumer that eats only animals.

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11

Omnivore

A consumer that eats both plants and animals

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12

Decomposer

An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms

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13

food chain

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

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14

food web

network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

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15

trophic level

each of several levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.

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16

trophic cascade

A series of changes in the population sizes of organisms at different trophic levels in a food chain, occurring when predators at high trophic levels indirectly promote populations of organisms at low trophic levels by keeping species at intermediate trophic levels in check.

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17

Symbiosis

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.

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18

Mutualism

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit

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19

Commensalism

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

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20

Parasitism

A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed

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21

Biome

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

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22

Community

All the different populations that live together in an area

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23

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

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24

individual

one single organism

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25

Tundra

An extremely cold, dry biome.

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26

Permafrost

Ground that is permanently frozen

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27

tropical rainforest

biome near the equator with warm climate wet weather and lush plant growth

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28

temperate grassland

biome characterized by deep, nutrient-rich soil that supports many grass species; prarie, steppes, pampas, veldts

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29

savanna

a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.

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30

Taiga

biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest

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31

desert

An extremely dry area with little water and few plants

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32

canopy

Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees

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33

pioneer organisms

The first organisms, such as lichens and mosses, to inhabit a barren area

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34

carbon footprint

the total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual, group, or location

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35

conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment

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