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Ecology
Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
Habitat
The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
Niche
An organism's function in its habitat, including its relationship with other organisms.
Ecosystem
A system made up of all living organisms interacting with one another and their environment.
Biotic factors
All the living organisms that inhabit an environment
Abiotic factors
Nonliving components of an environment.
Producer
An organism that makes its own food using energy from the sun or other sources
Consumer
An organism that obtains its food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter
Herbivore
A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivore
A consumer that eats only animals.
Omnivore
A consumer that eats both plants and animals
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms
food chain
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food web
network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
trophic level
each of several levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.
trophic cascade
A series of changes in the population sizes of organisms at different trophic levels in a food chain, occurring when predators at high trophic levels indirectly promote populations of organisms at low trophic levels by keeping species at intermediate trophic levels in check.
Symbiosis
A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Parasitism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
Biome
A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
Community
All the different populations that live together in an area
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
individual
one single organism
Tundra
An extremely cold, dry biome.
Permafrost
Ground that is permanently frozen
tropical rainforest
biome near the equator with warm climate wet weather and lush plant growth
temperate grassland
biome characterized by deep, nutrient-rich soil that supports many grass species; prarie, steppes, pampas, veldts
savanna
a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees.
Taiga
biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest
desert
An extremely dry area with little water and few plants
canopy
Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees
pioneer organisms
The first organisms, such as lichens and mosses, to inhabit a barren area
carbon footprint
the total carbon dioxide emissions produced by an individual, group, or location
conservation
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment
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