Restorative Arts Quiz 3

Restorative Arts Quiz 3 / Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science / Exam date: 2/24/25

Male cranial mass is more ____________ compared to the females which is more ________ at the top

Blocky and massive ; rounder and tapers

Females supraorbital margin is _____ while the males is rather ______

Sharper ; round and dull

The zygomatic bone is more pronounced on the _____ skull

Male

The mandible of a _____ is more rounded while the _____ is squared

Female ; male

_____ have a deeper cranial mass

Males

The superciliary arch is large and pronounced in ______

Males

Occipital bone

Lowest part of the back of the cranium, forming the cradle of the brain

Foramen magnum

An opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord, spinal arteries, and nerves pass

Parietal bones

These bones create the superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium as well as the posterior ⅔ of the roof of the cranium

Articulates with the occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture, frontal bone at the coronal suture, and the opposite side parietal with the sagittal suture

Widest part of the cranium

Highest part of the parietal is the vertex of the head

Temporal bone

Comprises the inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium

They are located inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone

Articulates with the parietal bone at the squamosal suture, occipital bone at the lambdoidal suture, and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Squama

Thin superior part of the temporal bone

External auditory meatus

Opening of the ear passage in front of the mastoid process

Zygomatic arch

A long thin arched process extending anteriorly from the squama to the zygomatic bone

Determines the widest part of the face

Mastoid process

Rounded projection of the inferior portion of the temporal bone just medial to the lobe of the ear

Mandibular fossa

Small oval depression or socket on the underside of the temporal bone

Frontal bone

The anterior ⅓ of the cranium forming the forehead and part of the eye sockets and most anterior of the cranial floor

Makes up the vertical plant of the forehead and the horizontal plane of the crown

It articulates with the parietal bones at the coronal suture

Frontal eminences

Rounded ordinances on either side of the median line and a little inferior to the center of the frontal bone

A warm area of the face

Supraorbital margin

The superior rim of the eye socket

Superciliary arches

The inferior part of the forehead just superior to the medial ends of the eyebrows

Glabella

An elevation between the superciliary arches on the inferior part of the frontal bone immediately above the root of the nose

Nasal bone

These bones lie directly inferior to the gabella

They form the bridge of the nose and the dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity

The articulate with each other and the frontal bone to form the root of the nose

The nasal cavity is the orifice in the face by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla

Zygomatic bones

The diamond shaped bones that form the cheekbones

They are located on the frontal and lateral planes of the face

The bones form part of the inferior and lateral surfaces of the orbital cavity

Articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

The widest part of the face is measured by a straight line from the midpoint of one zygomatic bone to the midpoint of the opposite zygomatic bone

Maxilla

The bones of the upper jaw

The skeletal base for most of the superior portion of the face, anterior portion of the mouth, sides and floor of the nasal cavity, and the floor of the eye orbits

Articulate with each other, forming the nasal spine, a small bone process at the base of the nose

Nasal spine of the maxilla

The sharp bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity

Alveolar process

Bone ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth

Frontal process of maxilla

The ascending part of the upper jaw which gradually protrudes as it rises to meet the frontal bone

Mandible

Horseshoe shaped bone forming the lower jaw, it consists of the body and ramus

Mental eminence

A triangular portion on the inferior of the anterior mandible

Coronoid process

Thin, flat process projecting from the anterior portion of the upper ramus

Mandibular condyle

Round prominence that articulates with the temporal bone

Occipitofrontalis

Two (L/R)

This muscle covers the top of the skull

Named after it's two parts

• Occipitalis

• Frontalis

Draws scalp posteriorly and anteriorly, causing eyebrows to raise and wrinkles to form on the forehead

Temporalis

Two (L/R)

This muscle arising in the temporal cavity and inserting in the mandible

A muscle of mastication and is the strongest chewing muscle

Closes the mandible and assists in side to side movement of the mandible

Masseter

Two (L/R)

This muscle arising from the zygomatic arch and inserting in the mandible

Muscle of mastication

• Closes the mandible

Orbicularis oculi

Two (L/R)

This sphincter muscle surrounds the eye socket

Closes the eyelid and compresses the lacrimal sac

Corrugator

Two (L/R)

Pyramid shaped muscle of facial expression

Lies beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi

Also known as the frowning muscle

Draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially, as in frowning

Levator palpebrae superioris

Two (L/R)

This muscle of facial expression that runs from the inside of the eye socket to the upper tarsal plate of the eyelid

Raises the upper eyelid

Procerus

Two (L/R)

This muscle covers the bridge of the nose

Draws the skin of the forehead inferiorly, causing transverse and vertical wrinkles in the forehead

Orbicularis oris

One muscle

A flat band of muscles in the upper and lower red lips and integumentary lips

Closes the lips, compressed lips against the teeth, shapes lips during speech

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Two (L/R)

A muscle of facial expression

Raising the upper lip and dislates nostrils

Levator anguli oris

Two (L/R)

A small muscle at the angle of the mouth

Elevates the angle of the lip

Zygomaticicus minor

Two (L/R)

Draws upper lip superiorly and laterally

Zygomaticus major

Two (L/R)

Draws upper lip posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally

Buccinator

Two (L/R)

The principle muscle of the cheek

Makes up part of the angulus oris eminence

Compresses the cheek and it pulls the angulis oris posteriorly

Called the trumpeter muscle and is used when sucking

Risorius

Two (L/R)

Extends from the skin over the masseter muscles to the corners of the mouth

Draws the corners of the mouth posteriorly

Depressor anguli oris

Two (L/R)

A muscle of facial expression that arises from the mandible to insert into the anguli oris

Depresses the angle of the mouth

Depressor labii inferioris

Two (L/R)

A muscle of facial expression

Depresses the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally

Mentalis

Two (L/R)

Located on the tip of the chin

Elevates and protrudes the lower lip

Wrinkles the skin over the chin

Platysma

Two (L/R)

A thin layer of muscle covering the anterior aspect of the neck

Wrinkles the skin of the neck and chest also depresses the mandible and anguli oris as in pouting

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Two (L/R)

A thick muscle that originates from the head of the sternum and clavicle

Inserts as the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Rotates and depresses the head

Digastric

A double bellied muscle of the neck which attaches to the mastoid process and the mandible

Draws the hyoid bone posteriorly