Empires and Their Expansion

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and significant events related to the expansion and influence of empires, focusing on their political, economic, and social dynamics.

Expansion of Land-Based Empires

The process by which empires increased their geographical size and influence over diverse populations.

Divine Right

The doctrine that kings and emperors have a right to rule directly from the will of God.

Mandate of Heaven

A Chinese political and religious doctrine used to justify the rule of the Emperor of China.

Ottoman Devshirme

A system of regulating the recruitment of boys from Christian families for the Ottoman administration and military.

Ottoman Janissaries

Elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and bodyguards.

Ming Hard Currency

A stable currency system used during the Ming dynasty to facilitate trade.

Tax Farming

A method of tax collection in which the government sells the right to collect taxes to private individuals.

Gunpowder Empires

Empires that utilized gunpowder technology to expand their territories and influence.

Chinese Civil Service

A bureaucracy in Imperial China responsible for administrative responsibilities and governance.

Asante Kingdom

A major political entity in West Africa that became powerful through control of trade networks.

Zamindar

A landowner in India, particularly during the Mughal period, responsible for collecting taxes.

The Fronde

A series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653 against the monarchy during the minority of Louis XIV.

Peasant Uprisings

Revolts by the lower classes in response to social, political, or economic grievances.

Incan Mita System

A labor system in the Inca Empire where communities provided goods and services to the state.

Siege of Constantinople

The conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire.

French Wars of Religion

Conflicts between Catholics and Huguenots in France during the late 16th century.

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, aimed at reforming the Church and retaining followers.