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exponential pressure waveform
VC
square pressure waveform
PC
constant flow waveform
VC
decelerating flow waveform
PC (always) or VC
sinusoidal flow waveform
spontaneous
PV loop compliance decreases PC-CMV
loop is shorter (less volume delivered)
PV loop widens/bulges
increased airway resistance
spontaneous P-V loop
clockwise
patient-triggered mandatory P-V loop
counterclockwise after initial negative deflection
F-T does not return to zero
air trapping/ auto-PEEP
F-V loop expiratory side ends above zero volume
leak in patient circuit (bronchopleural fistula)
Gap at the zero intercept on a flow volume loop
air trapping or intrinsic PEEP
scooped-out flow-volume loop appearance
increased airway resistance (bronchospasm)
Auto-PEEP reduction
increasing flow, reducing VT, reducing rate, suctioning, changing mode for more spontaneous breahts
Initial adult patient triggering
1-2 cmH2O