Final Music Appreciation

America Popular Music

Combines European elements melody, harmony, and rhythm. Combined with Black rhythms, improvisations, and emotions

Folk Music

Music for a culture that is passed down by practice over years and generations.

Slave Music

1. Field Holler: One person expressing a hardship. Ex. it’s hot or cold.

2. Work Song: Sung with a group, with a song leader while performing a strenuous task. A lot of call and response, sometimes blues-like. Functioned as a way to keep every one in rhythm.

3. Spirituals: Christian-based music. Involved call & response. Blues-like. Art music.

3 Genres.

Stephen Foster

Was America’s first pop artist. Was a composer rather than a performer. Minstrelsy Composer. Most famous composer of Parlor Music.

Minstrelsy

Plantation Songs. Entertainment-traveling variety shows. Traveling like a carnival or circus. Same songs, jokes, catch phrases, dances, and fashion. America’s first pop culture. Black folk music.

Black Face Entertainment

Mr. Tambo: Hoppy guy w/ Tambourine.

Zip Coon: Rube, falsely clever smooth guy.

Jim Crow: main character stupid & lazy.

Thomas Rice

Father of Minstrelsy

James Bland

Famous Black Composer that was free.

America’s First Pop Culture

Got the same experience, music dances, clothes, and jokes.

Missouri Waltz

Plantation Song. Currently at Mizzou Athletic Center.

Parlor Music

Music written to be read as sheet music in gathering rooms. Piano music with singing. Published as sheet music. More classical than Minstrelsy.

John Phillip Sousa

Military- Brass Bands. Most important Composer. Composer & Director of US Marine Band and J.P.S. Band. The March King. Makes Marches popular.

Marches

A song to be played as a band marches. Not invented by Sousa by he popularized it.

Ragtime

1. Primarily played on piano

2. Syncopated

3. Sounds like a march being played on piano

Ends once Scott Joplin dies. Centered in Missouri. St. Louis was ragtime capital of the world. Many publishing houses. Sedalia cause of Scott Joplin. Kansas City Scott Joplin music published. Dances are two step, fox trot, and Cake Walk. Cake Walk competitions create that takes the cake.

Euday Bowman

Wrote 12th Steet Rag.

Scott Joplin

One of the most famous ragtime composers. Learned piano lessons in Texas. Classical in Sedalia MO. Most of his music is published at St. Louis. Couldn’t legitimize his music. Treemonisha opera failed. Died from syphilis.

The Blues

1. Feeling of Sadness

2. Instrumental Form

3. Blues Lyric Form

Mississippi Delta from descendants of slavery who are sharecroppers.

12 Bar Blues

The instrumental form of blues and involves 12 measures. 3 chords in blues. Will repeat after 12 bars. Early Rock and roll songs utilize it.

Country Blues

Male w/ guitar accompaniment.

Robert Johnson

King of the delta blues. Said he sold his soul to the devil at crossroads to be best blues artist.

Urban Blues

Female w/ Band Accompaniment. Commercial Success.

Bessie Smith

Empress of the blues.

Billie Holiday

Known for being a Jazz singer but did blues.

Trad Jazz/Dixieland Period

1. Creole Culture: mix race of white fathers and Black mothers with French ancestry.

2. Congo Square: area of New Orleans on Sundays, slaves didn’t have to work.

3. New Orleans Funeral: A band plays a very sad music on the way to the funeral. Musical Dirge. After burial at cemetery, on the way back is a parade like situation with a band that plays happy music. Marching bands improvised and made their music up on the fly.

New Orleans. Dance was the Charleston dance.

Trad Jazz

1. 6 players: trumpet, clarinet, and trombone with a rhythm section of Banjo, Tuba, and Drums.

2. Collective Improvisation: They’re making up their music as they go. Not reading music. Stay within the rule of the composition

3. Space for solo improvisation

King Oliver

Most important Jazz artist. Played Carnet/Trumpet. New Orleans. Mentor of Louis Armstrong.

Louis Armstrong

Develops music at reform school. lead on band. Defined what American pop music was to become. First jazz artist to take extended solos longer than early trad jazz. First scat singer. Mentor was King Oliver. Most important Jazz musician.

Scat Singer

When a singer mimics a instrumentalist.

Ella Fitzgerald

Greatest scat singer ever. Jazz vocalist.

Swing/Big Band Era

Last era when jazz was the America’s most popular genre/music.

1. Sections of instruments: 5 saxophones, 4 trombones, 4 trumpets, with a Rhythm section: piano, guitar, bars, and drums.

2. Composed/written music with space for improvisation.

Dances are lindy hop named after Charles Lindenberg. Replaced by Jitterbug.

Glenn Miller

1. Played Trombone

2. Composed “In the Mood”. 1# song in swing era.

One of the first bands incorporated in air force.

Duke Ellington

Piano. Take the A train.

William Count Basie

Played Piano.

1. K.C. Musician

2. “One o’ clock jump” no words and “Jumpin’ at the Woodside”.

Early Rock and Roll/Rhythm and Blues

Cleveland, Ohio. Rock and Roll hall of fame. Race records.

Allen Freed

Began broadcasting music by black artist. Disc Jockey. Person who came up with the phrase Rock and Roll.

Elvis Presley

King of Rock and Roll. Made it ok for white kids to listen to this music. Popularized rock and roll.

Race Records

Redlined minority artists. Didn’t play music by black artist over the air. Recordings distributed to certain races.

Hound dog

Most famous Elvis song. First recorded by Big Mama Thornton.

Chuck Berry

Missourian who wrote Johnny B Goode.

Big Joe Turner

Kansas City. Shake, Rattle, and Roll. A group by the name of Bill Haley and the comets did a cover of and the comets did a cover if shake, rattle and roll.

Bill Haley

Did a cover over Shake, Rattle and Roll.